The Phenomenon of Corruption in the Health-care System in Poland

The globe-sector structure of the health apportion system persists, but worrys with it that were in evidence during the Soviet era were not automatic bothy resolved when the Soviet style of serving delivery was abandoned. Indeed, Poland's "public sector structure was unprepargond for [the] speedy economic growth" that followed the collapse of the Soviet system. "Public finance still remained extremely centralized, the pension system faced the problem of an aging commonwealth, and the healthcare system proved inefficient and deplorably mismanaged" (Misiag & Niedzielski, 2001).

Reforms have been implemented in the categorys since the fall of the super centralized communist system in 1990. The most probatory of reforms was the establishment of national health insurance that all Poles are required to purchase. In this system, which was put in place on a regional theme in 1999, the focal transport of entry into the system is the primary care physician, who acts as hall porter for the system at large and who may refer patients to specialists as required (Lenain, 2000). The health insurance fund makes reimbursements to caregivers at all levels of the system.

So much for the ideal vision of health-care delivery in Poland. In fact, so-called "informal payments," the name given to bountifulness cash outlays by patients to health-care providers for services to which patients are legally authorize for no payment, are a common feature of medical exam care i

It can right away be seen from figures like those why informal payments are give tongue to to account for 46% of all money spent by patients in a hospital, which in turn accounts for a 15% increase in physician salaries (Allin, Davaki, Mossialos, 2006). If salary reports for physicians are accurate, that would believe Polish physicians' take on informal payments would raise their income to 33,350 zloty, or $8,625, which is still radically low. To illustrate why, consider that the 2008 poverty guidelines for the tear down 48 states state that a single-person household that brings in $10,400 per year is at the poverty level; a four-person household devising $22,200 per year is at the poverty level (U.S. Department of State, 2008).

Allin, S., Davaki, K., & Mossialos, E. (2006).

nonrecreational for "free" health care: The conundrum of informal payments in post-communist Europe. Global Corruption Report 2006. 63-71. Berlin: Transparency International. Retrieved April 29, 2008, from http://www.transparency.org

Sosnierz, A., Ruszkowski, J., & Palat, M. (2007). show of services and health insurance. Central and Eastern European fellowship of Technology Assessment in Health Care second International Symposium on Evidence-Based Health Care. Retrieved April 29, 2008, from http://www.ceestahc.org/en/symposium.html

The basis of recruitment is often kinship, party affiliation and ties of friendship with those in power. This nepotism in the administration produces a lower quality of public service and makes the oversight of office operations difficult. (Pitera, 2006, pp. 228-229)

Allin, Davaki, and Mossialos (2006) suggest that increase the salaries of physicians is one method of enabling them to enjoy a higher(prenominal) standard of living within the formal system and that at that place has been some success with this in Poland; however, raising salaries alone is no guarantee of reform. The more general problem is that the general population must be convinced "that good-quality health serv
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