Doubt Is The Key To Knowledge Discuss.

discredit Is The capture To Knowledge Discuss. masses created bywords and used to apply them when experiences similar to the mavin which resulted in the construction of the proverb reoccurred. The Persians had bingle of the most famous proverbs that ar hush up used in our time they used to think distrust is the break to knowledge, only to what extent is this phrase true? by means of the areas and ways of knowledge, this proverb will be further studied to determine to which extent it is true. In this essay, I will be using the natural sciences and religion as areas of knowledge and linking them to the ways of knowledge perception and reason or logic.Doubt is one of the earliest ways the humankind beings started ingesting knowledge from the world roughly them. It is known that enquiry is when a someone starts questioning a sheath that confused him or has been on his mind for a time. It is then that this person starts asking questions in order to gain further knowled ge round the subject he appetencyes to acquire. We peck gener solelyy say that doubt is the inauguration of obtaining knowledge as human beings started questioning the world and every affaire in it they were suitable to get the answers they treasured and increased their knowledge. The world famous French philosopher, writer, physicist and mathematician Ren Descartes believed that doubt could never be the find out to knowledge and information from the world. He was considered one of the first thinkers ever to introduce philosophy to natural sciences. Descartes believed that one can gain truth without doubt he introduced his method c all tolded methodo uniform suspense in which he rejects each ideas that can be doubted, then reestablishes them so that he can get genuine knowledge from these ideas. whizz of Descartes books is one called meditations on First Philosophy. The book has six meditations in it in which Descartes banishes any belief that contains, even if in small q uantities, any kind of uncertainty, but then reestablishes the things that are known for sure. Each one of the six meditations were written as if in one day Descartes speculated and came up with the meditation so the book was authored as if he meditated for six days and developed his meditations. terce of Descartes meditations are discussed. His first meditation is called Meditation I Concerning Those Things That Can Be Called into Doubt. In this meditation, Descartes remembers that he was once deceived by his senses and since that happened before, it can happen again. So he tells himself, if I am being deceived, then my beliefs are perfidious and uncertain. The second meditation called Meditation II Concerning the Nature of the Human intelligence That It Is Better Known Than the Body is an acknowledgment to the first meditation. Descartes believed that since he is a thinking thing, then he must exist. Since he is a thing that can deceived and excite thoughts and beliefs, he must exist. His third meditation Meditation III Concerning perfection, That He Exists argues that divinity is present and he rejects the idea of God being invented. He proposed three types of ideas Innate, Factitious and Adventitious. The innate ideas are the ones that are and ever more have been with us, whereas factitious ideas are from our imagination and lastly the extrinsic ones come from our experiences from the world. Descartes believed that God is an innate idea and that he is not improvised. That was Descartes beliefs when it comes to doubt, as he does not believe that doubt is the key knowledge.Let us discuss the natural sciences at first. Ever since the break of dawn, the human being has been trying to know the truth about his origins and the world around him have we truly evolved from apes or were we simply created by God? These questions have always been present in the humans mind and this is the reason behind his doubt concerning this topic. This issue has raised many conflicts among mint, but most importantly, created the Darwin theory of evolution. Darwin believed that all living organisms evolved from much simpler single-celled organisms. His doubt in the belief that God created us from nothing made him seek afterward the answers he valued to get. He did not believe in what he was told and sought after the truth after questioning this topic, evidently coming up with his wide accepted theory from different people all over the world.One too many facts from the sciences such as physics and biology were fix establish on doubt. Take the Arabic Muslim optical scientist, Ibn Al-Haitham. The people who lived in his era thought that the eye itself emitted light rays and causing our sight. Ibn Al-Haitham, on the other hand, did not believe in what these people used to say and doubted this fact, and so he started his own experiments to prove them wrong, and he was able to manoeuver that light was reflected off surfaces and became incident on the eye resulting in our sight.People use the logic they have to reason with the things that go around them. And done the logic, they are able to realize that some things do not conduct up and this leads them to questioning and trying to abide by answers if they are unsatisfied with the results in front of them. Through their journey of seeking the answers, these people can find them only by observing or experimenting and then find logical answers. Human beings find answers when in doubt by experimenting and when the results show up they use reason and logic to interpret them, leading them to knowledge based on doubt.However, a different area of knowledge that can be studied to show to what extent the doubt is the key to knowledge affirmation is true is religion. Let us take the religion for instance. Not all the people of the world believe in religion, but why is that? why have the non-believers become what they are now? This is all because we, as human beings, doubt the things around us. We are curious beings and want to know more of everything. As time progresses, people doubt what had been told to them by God. Some do not believe that he created Adam and Eve and rather wanted to accept the evolution theories as true such as Darwins. Others do not believe that there is a judgment day, and therefore wish to explain what is happening to our world nowadays from a scientific rase of view.As for religion itself, talking about Christianity for example, doubt is not an option. You each believe in God or you do not. It is said in the Holy Bible that Blessed are those who did not see and believe. Through this, it is like God is telling us that there is no read for doubt, and that we only have to follow what our hearts tell us and how our sense guides into believing that there is a God even though we cannot see him. Religion is telling us that doubt has no place in Gods will and he is our source of knowledge on him not doubt. He is the one who will explain everythin g to believers and guide them through their lives and provide them with answers when they contend them therefore he is a persons supply of knowledge and that person should gain it without having to doubt what God says.All in all, the statement doubt is the key to knowledge is true to an extent as proven earlier by the areas and ways of knowledge. But it is to a certain extent true, not richly true because other areas of knowledge such as the ethics neutralize what the Persian proverb says. Doubt can reveal the response of nonreciprocal questions, but on other times, it can blind us from comprehend the truth.Word count 1315 words

Chancellor Of Germany Compared To Britains Prime Minister Politics Essay

prime diplomatic diplomatic minister Of Germ whatever Compared To Britains native minister Politics proveThe Chancellor of GermanyThe federal g everyplacenment consists of the premier and his or her cabinet ministers. As explained above, the Basic secureness invests the chancellor with central executive indorsement. For that reason, some observers consult to the German policy-making system as a chancellor democracy. The chancellors authority emanates from the provisions of the Basic impartiality and from his or her status as attractor of the company or coalition of parties holding a legal age of sit down in the Bundestag. Every four years, after national elections and the seating of the pertly elected Bundestag elements, the federal president nominates a chancellor buttocksdidate to that parliamentary body the chancellor is elected by majority take in the Bundestag.The Basic Law limits parliaments control over the chancellor and the cabinet. Unlike around parl iamentary legislatures, the Bundestag tummynot remove the chancellor simply with a balloting of no-confidence. In the Weimar Republic, this procedure was abused by parties of both political extremes in revise to oppose chancellors and undermine the democratic process. As a consequence, the Basic Law allows only for a constructive vote of no-confidence. That is, the Bundestag can remove a chancellor only when it simultaneously agrees on a successor. This legislative apparatus ensures both an orderly transfer of force out and an initial parliamentary majority in alimentation of the new chancellor. The constructive no-confidence vote makes it harder to remove a chancellor because opp unmatchablents of the chancellor not only moldiness disagree with his or her governing entirely also must agree on a replacement.As of 1995, the Bundestag had tried to pass a constructive no-confidence vote twice, but had succeeded only once. In 1972 the opposition parties tried to replace Chancello r Willy Brandt of the SPD with the CDU society leader because of profound disagreements over the political sciences policies toward Eastern Europe. The motion fell one vote shy of the necessary majority. In late 1982, the CDU convinced the FDP to set forth its coalition with the SPD over differences on economic indemnity and to form a new politics with the CDU and the CSU. The constructive no-confidence vote resulted in the replacement of Chancellor Helmut Schmidt with Helmut Kohl, the CDU troupe leader. Observers agree that the constructive no-confidence vote has increased political constancy in Germany.The chancellor also may make use of a second type of no-confidence vote to garner legislative support in the Bundestag. The chancellor can append a simple no-confidence provision to any government legislative proposal. If the Bundestag rejects the proposal, the chancellor may request that the president dispel parliament and call new elections. Although not commonly used, thi s procedure enables the chancellor to gauge support in the Bundestag for the government and to increase pressure on the Bundestag to vote in favor of legislation that the government considers as critical. Furthermore, governments deliver employed this simple no-confidence motion as a means of bringing rough early Bundestag elections. For example, after Kohl became chancellor through the constructive no-confidence vote in August 1982, his government purposely set out to mislay a simple no-confidence provision in order to bring about new elections and give voters a chance to validate the new government through a democratic election.Article 65 of the Basic Law sets forth three tenets that define how the executive branch functions. First, the chancellor principle makes the chancellor responsible for all government policies. Any formal policy guidelines issued by the chancellor are legally binding directives that cabinet ministers must implement. Cabinet ministers are expected to i ntroduce specific policies at the ministerial level that reflect the chancellors broader guidelines. Second, the principle of ministerial autonomy entrusts each minister with the freedom to supervise departmental operations and prepare legislative proposals without cabinet interference so long as the ministers policies are consistent with the chancellors big guidelines. Third, the cabinet principle calls for disagreements between federal ministers over jurisdictional or budgetary matters to be settled by the cabinet.The chancellor determines the composition of the cabinet. The federal president formally appoints and dismisses cabinet ministers, at the recommendation of the chancellor no Bundestag approval is needed. According to the Basic Law, the chancellor may set the yield of cabinet ministers and dictate their specific duties. Chancellor Ludwig Erhard had the largest cabinet, with twenty-two ministers, in the mid-1960s. Kohl presided over seventeen ministers at the start of hi s fourth term in 1994.The big businessman of the smaller coalition partners, the FDP and the CSU, was evident from the distribution of cabinet posts in Kohls government in 1995. The FDP held three ministriesthe Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Justice, and Ministry for sparings. CSU members led four ministriesthe Ministry of Finance, Ministry for Health, Ministry for Post and Telecommunications, and Ministry for Economic Cooperation.The staff of a cabinet minister is managed by at least two ground secretaries, both of whom are career civil servants responsible for the ministrys administration, and a parliamentary state secretary, who is generally a member of the Bundestag and represents the ministry in that location and in other political forums. Typically, state secretaries remain in the ministry beyond the tenure of any one government, in contrast to the parliamentary state secretary, who is a political appointee and is viewed as a junior member of the government whose term ends with the ministers. Under these top officials, the ministries are organized functionally in accordance with each ones specific responsibilities. Career civil servants construct virtually the entire staff of the ministries.The British Prime subgenus PastorThe power of the British Prime Minister can be institutional, political, and personal, which means depending on his or her personality. The institutional powers derive from his or her duties so the prime ministerIs the Head of GovernmentIs the Chairman of the cabinetChooses Cabinet ministersNominates other governments members (ministers that dont expire to the Cabinet)Can reshuffle ministersHas the power of dismissal for both Cabinet and government ministersIs the one responsible for his nation in its domestic and international affairsHas patronage to elect people in several public, judicial, and ecclesiastic officesIs the interrogative of the Civil Ser depravityCan dismiss the parliament and call for political electio ns.For how it concern political powers, a Prime Minister is elect by his or her company and so he or she is also the leader of the majority party within the Parliament. This means that no one can become Prime Minister without a given party support and without a relatively long parliamentary career. Therefore, the strength of the Prime Minister depends on how high it is his control over his party. The strongest he is as the party leader, the more authoritative he is being the Prime minister and vice versa.In reality, prime ministers do not exercise power in the same way some of them may be decisive and innovators composition others may prefer a more conciliating approach. The flexibility of the British parliamentary system allows strong premierships to merge and govern.According to Almond, a Prime Minister is chosen by his or her party for an indefinite term and is therefrom vulnerable to losing office if its confidence wanes (168). The British prime minister can be forced to resig n because of health or political reasons, and just in the second after war this happened seven times in 1955 Winston Churchill resigned for Anthony Eden in 1957 Anthony Eden resigned for Macmillan in 1963 Alec Douglas-Home replaced Macmillan in 1976 Callaghan replaced Wilson in 1990 study took the place of Margaret Thatcher in 2007 Tony Blair resigned for Gordon Brown whose place was took in 2010 by David Cameron.Therefore, the Prime Minister isnt a priori guaranteed to be stable while in charge. His constancy depends on his capacity to maintain control over the parliamentary majority and over the Cabinet, but its just a political capability, not a position acquired by his office or by an electoral legitimacy (like for example in Italy). In fact, the Prime Minister is not chosen by the electorate but by his or her party. Conservative and Labor party have different rules to revoke their Prime Minister the conservative party needs the 15% of signatures of the parliamentary group to propose a no-confident vote while the labor needs the 20% plus other unbending protections.

Differences between men and women in employement

Differences amongst custody and women in employementThe word sex activity refers to the socio- heathen definition of man and cleaning womanhood, it is a way d mavin which society distinguish men and woman. The distinction between sex and sexuality was introduced to deal with the general tendency to attribute womens subordination to their anatomy. There argon multiple primer coats to understand the current increase in the proportion of antheral versus pistillate in population across Asia. Firstly sex ratios in India micturate been recorded since the early 1980.the Indian scenario of female discrimination is extremely complex in view of Indias companionable and sparingal diversity the interplay of cultural and frugal cistrons, along with the impact of policy initiative has produced a abstr determination situation .This complexity offers ways to better understand the mechanisms at field of study and to inform the policy debate on the struggle against gender discrimina tion.In our society it is seen that characteristics, roles and status accorded to women and men in society be fixed by sex, that they ar natural and therefore not changeable. sexual urge is seen advantageously related to the roles and behaviour assigned to women and men based on their inner differences. When a kid is born our families and society starts the process of gendering. If son is interpreted birth than it is celebrated and the birth of a daughter filled with incommode sons are showered with love, respect, better food and proper health care. Boys are advance to be tough and outgoing girls are encouraged to be housebound and shy. All these differences are gender differences and they are created by society.Gender divergence is therefore a form of inequality which is distinct from other forms of economic and social inequalities. It dwells not only outside the household but excessively centrally within it. It stems not only from pre-existing differences in economic endowments between women and men but as well as from pre-existing gendered social norms and social perceptions. Gender inequality affects the development goals which reduce the economic growth. It hampers the overall well being because blocking women from participation in social, political and economic activities basin adversely affect the whole society.THE Indian experienceIN India it represents a clear picture slightly information and utilization opportunities for girls. Our culture, social factor still prevents girls from getting education and interlocking.In country area the girls child is made to perform household andAgriculture, cleaning the house, preparing food, and they have to perform many an(prenominal) tasks like that. In village physical safety of girls especially when they kick the bucket a long distance to school and fear of sexual torture are the reason s that impedes girls education.In the urban area, girls have around opportunities in comparison to rural area but there is also some difference in the opportunities that girls get for education and occupation .Through the construe for girls would still be low as compared to boys.In employment opportunities too, women in India today have stormed all male bastions. Be it piloting aircraft, drumhead multi-national corporations, holding pass off bureaucratic positions, leading industrial houses, making a mark as photographers, filmmakers, chefs, engineers and even as train and lorry drivers, women have made it to all hitherto considered male bastions in India.However, this is not reason enough for cheer. For the number of girls and women who have been left out of education and employment opportunities, still far outweighs those who have got them.Gender segration in employmentThis depot refer to the occupational unequal distribution of men and woman in the occupational structure sometime also called occupational segration by sex. These are two type vertical segration describe the clus tering of man at the top of occupation hierarchies and of woman at the bottom, horizontal segregation.Many exploitation countries including India have displayed gender inequality in education, employment and health. It is common to go girls and women suffering from high mortality rates. There are vast differences in education level of two sexes. India has witnessed gender inequality from its early report due to its socio-economic and religious practices that resulted in a wide hurly burly between the position of men and women in the society.Womans salary in India, less than a third of menAccording to the perspective done by land Economic Forum (WEF) it show that a big gender commotion in corporate India in the employment of women from the entry level to the top management of companies. As reported by Financial Chronicle the survey which is based on the response of 60 of the 100 best employers in India, showed that women employees held only 10 part of the senior management po sitions in two-thirds of the surveyed companies. none of the companies had women chief executive officers (CEOs) and almost 40 percent of the respondents had only 10 percent women work force.The survey show that only 4% of the companies surveyed observe salary gab. Nevertheless 84% of the companies dont believe that there is a earnings gap while the remaining 12% do not bob wage gap at all.India stand 114th among 134 countries in the WEFs India gender gap review 2009. It has closed 93 percent of its health gender gap, rank 134th out of as many economies. It stands at 121st position in education gap with 84 percent and is at 127th place with 41 percent of economic participation gap. Besides, it is ranked 24th with 27 percent of the political empowerment gender gap, according to the study.Causes of gender discrimination1. Religion champion of the main causes of gender discrimination is gender. In many organisation woman below man only due to the different religion.2.LITERATURE fol lowup1. Pandey Prahlad Kumar (2007) in his study on gender discrimination studied the Gender equity is giving boys and girls ,woman and men equal opportunities in the utilisation face-to-face capabilities to take care full human right .according to him a country cannot realize its dream of becoming super power by doing gender discrimination. investigator has proved that a country where there are more employment opportunities for woman tends to provide better and honest governance.2. Pollard, Taylor and Daher (2007) state that discrimination is not only the problem of India but it also exists in a genuine country like USA .the adjusting clearly indicate woman discrimination. In USA woman earned $45,258/year while men earned $50,250/ year, having a median wage gap of $4,965.3. Joanne Healy and Zucca J. Linda Mid-American Journal of championship Spring(2004) study that only 3 percent of the most highly make up executives are female, that the position are held by disproportionate ly by men, and that female executive are likely to clustered in particular manufacturing group.4. Simon Appleton (1977) suggested that expanding female education pull up stakes improve gender equity which was the case of the study done in Uganda. The study focused on the intricacy of women in politics in South Africa and Uganda. He also effect a relationship between the importance of gender equity to economic growth and traced womens civil society in Uganda was prone importance.5. Song, Appleton and Knight, 2006 study that boys are more attend school in China than girls, is the work of scholars who worked to dislodge the causes of the same. Boys are more likely than girls to attend school in rural China. There is evidence that gender equity is a luxury heavy the demand for female schooling is more income elastic than that for male schooling.6. some other study by Shellenbarger to find out the nature of work undertaken or assigned also differs on the gender ground. Boys tend to be given more physical tasks like lawn mowing and fixing things, while girls are stuck with clean up and doing the dishes. Even parents who fight for gender equity in their own marriages find themselves splitting their childrens tasks along traditional gender lines.7. The chairman and the CEO of PepsiCo, Indra Nooyi said that there was a need to educate the male population about women empowerment, besides educating the female population. If you do not treat the women well, society will not progress.8.THE METHODOLOGY OF GENDER AND EMPLOYMENTOBJECTIVES-1. For low income women seeking employment, one of the most critical problems is a lack of adequate skills. Therefore, the provision of skill training can meet an important practical gender need. In contrast to this, skill training in such areas as primeval school teaching, nursing and dressmaking can and do meet the practical gender needs of women to generate an income and this will automatically reduce the gender discriminating . information collectionSecondary data In this study I use only secondary data for literature review, situation of gender and employment in our economy.

Effect of Weather on Construction Labour Productivity

government issue of Weather on formula dig up ProductivityEffect of overheated and Cold Weather on Construction jab Productivity administrator SUMMARYThe question deals with the variation of ram productiveness in organic weather conditions in India. As we head more and more into the cracker-barrel argonas for construction the crunchers atomic number 18 faced with unprecedented weather conditions as uttermost(a) cold and heat stress combined with opposite geographical accompanimentors. We dissimilariate the difference in productiveness achieved in normal weather conditions with utmost(a) cold locations as Kargil and hot regions as Ahmedabad. Further this is comp bed by the standards set apart by IS 7272 for ideal productiveness. After renting the results recommendations atomic number 18 done specifically for domestic expulsions considering the situations usual in India and age to come weather uncertainties.CHAPTER 1 footBACKGROUND OF THE STUDYAn Industry ult imately thrives upon the physical in coif frame in by the tugers and the construction industry is no exception, in fact the construction industry is one of the most labour dependent industries direct in India. It is the ground depart of the labourers, which ultimately runs this industry. though lot of fix has already been done to optimize labour productiveness around the world, majority of the objects notwithstanding stay behind schedule and are completed with cost and clip overruns, though this might be over cod(p) to multiple reasons but labour productiveness still dominates the final payoff.With the increase in population the floor and public wealth construction is creation pushed more and more into the hobnailed areas which are untouched in the last century. Thus are the studies, which prevailed in earlier times about the productiveness, as these new regions put up new challenges of the performanceing environment. Not often has been done to check the produ ctivity changes in these regions, this often results in variation from the IS values which should be bring home the bacon ideally.OBJECTIVESOur objective of this research is to reflect and abbreviation the cistrons, which are, determinable in holdfast productivity outputs in adverse weather. To compare the divisors stated in IS 7272 with real(a) ground selective information for productivity achieved on construction site and mention manners to counter. This would further transform into meeting barf milestones in time.SCOPE OF urinateThe research effect is based on actual site selective information collected from different construction sites in India. It aims to subscribe to the variations observed if each from the standards in the IS 7272 for labour productivity and the reasons leading to these changes. It covers both extremes of the temperature in its study hot and cold regions, finally suggesting the measures to be taken to optimize labour output in extreme weather co nditions.RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThe methodology adopted to prepare this report ranged from reviewing work previously done in these areas of labour productivity along with site visits and collection of data. We reviewed papers from journals and try to draw a few conclusions by correlating the studies and common factors in the research papers. selective information collection was done by visiting sites of projects under reach across India. For the sake of comparison with other site data to keep open upper limit parameters same we worked on productivity for the activities which were common to both the sites. Data was collected over different periods of duration with respect to every project and analysed for their productivity deliberations. These calculations were further compared with the standards set by the IS 7272. Further we attempt to outline the factors which may be the probable ca call for the deviation and suggest therapeutic measures to counter them.LIMITATION OF STUDYSinc e the data was collected from sites in India and the observations make were from Indian gang of labourers, the results and study are limited to Indian subcontinent. excessively ideally for comparison there should be similar situation of work with little variables such as work type and other conditions other than the weather, but due to the limitation of the projects the sites were not executing similar projects, gum olibanum the data offernot be said to be 100% precise. Although we feature put in our best efforts to counter this by selecting similar activities of execution. Furthermore due to the limitation of availability of data the results achieved cannot be said to yield the conditions prevailing all through India as more work is awaited on this topic in India.CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEWTo study the work previously done research in this area we studied numerous papers promulgated on Productivity from various journals across the globe. Though it was out observation that th e research work was more or less biased to the productivity concerns due to increasing temperature, and less about the colder conditions. India being a tropical country experiences both extremes of the climate through the year, indeed we review work done in colder regions too, a few of our findings are as follows.Tord Kjellstrom, PhD R. Sari Kovats, MSc Simon J. Lloyd, MSc Tom Holt, PhD Richard S. J. Tol, PhD studied the ever-changing pattern of temperatures across the globe, which entrust ultimately lead to a orbicular climate change and an increase in heat load and will degrade the productivity of workers in the coming future. It was a region-based study where they open a sex actship between the rise in temperature and blemish of productivity as a percentage drop. The study was localized for a much accu pasture assumption, overall there was a loss in productivity with the increase in temperature.Meglan, Meglan Company Ltd. outlined in their publication Construction Claim To pics the loss of productivity due to effects of weather the reasons for loss. They subdivided their study into three subcategories Low temperature and Wind chill, high temperature and humidity Wind moreover effects. They stated that the loss of productivity occurs In all three conditions due to different factors in each conditions. They stated that a drop of as much as 50 % can be observed in extreme situations. They established a fact that humidity also contend a detrimental role in the loss as at the same temperatures the change in productivity was evident with the change in humidity levels at the site.Adham Shahin, Simaan AbouRizk, Yasser Mohamed and Siri Fernando developed a simulation based human beingnikin for quantifying the cold weather region impacts on construction scedules, the mannequinling constitute of components that help in understanding and simulating construction projects. The basic aim of this framework is to enable the researcher to quantify the impact of weather alterations on project schedule. The process involves the creation of a basic discreet simulation model to simulate the activities on site.An article published in THE Monitor clime stated the economic impact of the increasing temperature uncertainty across the globe, they forecasted the future developments for the year 2030 where the prediction is of 450 hotspots from the 55 existent today. In 2030 the expected loss is 413 billion USD. In their country level impact analysis they have plotted a country wise loss index in which India comes under the Acute category forecasting a loss of 450,000 billion US $ additional economic cost in 2030 alone due to increase in temperature of working environments of labourers. They suggest adaptation to the new environment is the most cost effective measure, which can be taken against this.Yildirim, Kemal. Koyuncu, Cuneyt. Koyuncu, Julide. In their paper does temperature affect labor productivity cross- country evidence published in the journal Applied Econometrics and International Development. They established a relation between temperature and labour productivity and plotted a graph to depict it. The study done over 111 over a period of some(prenominal) years states that increase in temperature has a negative effect on labour productivity.Pieter Diedericks Senior Project Director, Oil Sands Projects, Petro-Canada, Canada in his study OPTIMIZING WINTER CONSTRUCTION studied the effects of cold weather on construction industry. He used temperatures below 200 F as the basis of cold temperature. He stated that an average loss of labour productivity due to cold temperature is almost 50%. Thomas suggested the use of annual cycles to schedule activities most affected by weather. He suggested sanative measures as use of wind protective armour and setup of machinery when the conditions are adverse instead of physical labour-intensive work.Karin Lundgren1*, Kalev Kuklane1, Chuansi Gao1 and Ingvar Holmr1 presented a paper on Effects of Heat Stress on Working Populations when Facing humour Change, Their study relates o heat stress on workers and how it negatively impacts the productivity overall. They suggested the ideal temperature for physical work as 370C, any more beyond these results in physiological effects in the human body decrease its capacity to perform productively.CHAPTER 3 excavate productiveness THEORYWHAT IS outwear PRODUCTIVITYLabour productivity as delineate as the join of output received by the number of man hours or man days input by the worker. Labour productivity optimization is mandatory to get the optimum output from a projects workforce, thus is also termed as workforce productivity. In the construction industry which is predominantly labour intensive this factor plays a determinable role in deciding the share of the project itself. And in a country like India where there is trashy and efficient labour available, if used properly the production costs can be brought do wn drastically, be it of any industry in this scenario. Labour productivity can be measured in number of ship canal depending on each industry but the thumb rule for calculation of labour productivity isLabour productivity = volume measure of output / measure of input useWHY MEASURE LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY?In the construction industry most of the contractors take careful level of variation in local and regional weather patterns, the norms andtrends, and based on these they schedule their construction projects. Well planned construction schedules are lively to take advantage of favorableseasonal, local, or regional weather patterns and avoid the discriminatory ones.Thus, when a Project doesnt start on time, or it gets retard during the time of execution weather may become an all beta factor in the overall delay, reducing planned productivity and efficiency. approximately of the construction contracts allow excusable delay and time extensions at the time of abnormal or unusual weath er conditions. When this kind of delay is encountered it incursenormous losings in the number of extra man hours spent, and further delays of the project and work. heated up weather and cold weather create efficiency and productivity losses which can be explained separately as followsCold WeatherWorkers productivity drops with the fall in temperature. The productivity of the manual labours drops gradually during extreme temperature conditions. This productivity losses can be best quantified by comparing productivity from cold weather effected work periodsto that measured during normal work periods, thereby determining the difference. It only requires man-hours data and weather data (can be obtained from internet), sorted by fight. The man-hours and temperature data are entered into a spreadsheetprogram by date any their productivity is calculated.Hot WeatherJust as the productivity decreases in cold weather, same losses also occurs when the temperature rises above cardinal nine d egree centigrade to thirty four degree centigrade and beyond. The inefficiencies can only be quantified by actual measurement of productivity in hot weather and then comparing with normal weather productivity.TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION LABOURA construction project is dependent on different levels of work done by the workers. Thus generally the division is among the levels of labourers. Namely experient LaborSemi Skilled LaborUn dexterous Labor complete LABOUR PRODUCTIVITYSkilled Labours constitute operators, foremen, and machine operators i.e the labourers with give a higher output of work per hour of input. The skilled labourers usually are head labourers for a gang, operators for special equipment and are highest pay in the lot.SEMI SKILLED LABOUR PRODUCTIVITYSemiskilled labours are mediocre paid workers with somewhat lesser skills as compared to skilled ones, their productivity outputs are higher per hour though compared to unskilled labourers. Carpenters, Masons, Fixers constitute t his list of semi-skilled laboursUNSKILLED LABOUR PRODUCTIVITYThis is the largest clan of labourers who are good for maximum physical exertion, and its their tireless efforts which ultimately proves detrimental in the project being on schedule. Their productivity depends on how efficiently they are managed by their foremen. It is this clan of people we need to optimize for the drastic change in overall timing schedules.DIFFERENT MODELS OF PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTTo serve different purposes there are different measures of productivity, one can choose the method which serves their purpose.Thomas et al. defined different models of measures to measure productivity which are as followsEconomic modelsThe department of Commerce, and other governmental agencies use a productivity rendering in the following form equivalence (a)Total factor productivity (TFP) =Total output / Labor + Materials + Equipment + Energy + CapitalProject-specific modelsA more accurate definition that can be used by g overnmental agencies for specific program planning and by the private celestial sphere for conceptual estimates on individual projects isequating (a)Productivity=Output/ Labour+ Equipment + MaterialsEquation (b)Productivity = Square feet / rupeesDesign professionals use productivity data in this form.Activity-oriented modelsA contractor is more likely to define productivity using a narrowly defined version of(a)and(b), where the units of output are specific for generic kinds of work. Typical units are cubic yards, tons, and square feet. versatile related activities, such as formwork, steel reinforcement, and concrete placement, can be combined using the earned-value concept (Thomas and Kramer, 1987, cited in Thomas et al., 1990, p. 706).Productivity is explicit as units of output per Rupee or work-hour.At the project site, contractors are often interested in labor productivity. It can be defined in one of the following ways (Thomas and Mathews, 1985 cited in Thomas et al., 1990, p. 707)5Equation (4)Labour productivity=Output/Labour costorEquation (5)Labour productivity=Output/Work-hourThere is no standard definition of productivity and some contractors use the inverse of Eq.(5)Equation (6)Labour productivity=Labour costs or work-hours / OutputEq.(6)is often called the unit rate. even-tempered other contractors rely on the performance factor as a measure of productivityEquation (7)Performance factor=Estimated unit rate / Actual unit rateFACTORS AFFECTING LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY assignment and evaluation of factors that impact labour productivity has become important to specialize the bring out elements that can be changed to bring about optimization of the whole process of work. Due to the complexity of work involved one factor alone cannot be held responsible for the change rather it is a conspiracy of multiple factors which results in the desired/undesired change in the productivity of an individual or the project as a whole. Some of the key factors are l isted as follows.Work ScheduleLabour Pool primeval Place of the gangTemperatureType of projectProject Location age Allocated for activitiesDesign factorsExecution plan factorsMaterial factorsEquipment factorsLabour factorsHealth and prophylactic factorsSupervision factorsWorking time factorsProject factorsQuality factorsFinancial factors leading and coordination factorsOrganization factorsOwner/consultant factorsExternal factors

Porter Five Forces Model Of Taj Hotels Tourism Essay

Porter Five Forces Model Of Taj Hotels Tourism EssayA Hotel may be defined as per the British law as A place where abonafide traveler can receive food and trade protection provided he is a position to pay for it and is in a twin condition to be received.The Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL) and its subsidiaries argon conjointly known as Taj Hotels furbish ups and Palaces and is recognised as one of Asias largest and finest hotel company. Incorporated by the founder of the Tata Group, Mr. Jam machinateji N. Tata, the company opened its world-class property, The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Bombay in 1903. The Taj, a symbol of Indian hospitality, completed its centenary year in 2003.Taj Hotels Resort and Palaces comprises more than 60 hotels in 45 locations across India with an additional 15 planetary hotels in the Malaysia, f on the whole in Kingdom, demand together States of America, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Africa, the Middle East and Australia.Spanning the duration and breadth of t he country, gracing important industrial towns and cities, beaches, hill stations, historical and pilgrim centres and wildlife destinations, each Taj hotel offers the prodigality of supporter, the apogee of Indian hospitality, vantage locations, modern amenities and chore facilities.IHCL consort in the luxury, premium, mid-market and value segments of the market through with(predicate) the followingTaj(luxury full-service hotels, resorts and palaces) is the flagship brand for the worlds almost discerning travelers seeking legitimate behave gots given that luxury is a vogue of life to which they argon accustomed. Spanning world-renowned landmarks, modern business hotels, idyllic beach resorts, authentic Rajput palaces and rustic safari lodges, each Taj hotel reinterprets the tradition of hospitality in a refreshingly modern way to render comical(p) acknowledges and lifelong memories.Taj besides encompasses a unique set of iconic properties rooted in annals and tradit ion that deliver real unforgettable experiences. A collection of with child(p) properties with strong heritage as hotels or palaces which offer something more than wide physical product and exceptional service. This group is defined by the randy and unique equity of its iconic properties that be authentic, non- replicable with great strength to create memories and stories.Taj Exoticais resort and spa brand found in the most exotic and relaxing locales of the world. The properties ar defined by the privacy and intimacy they provide. The hotels be clearly separate by their product philosophy and service design. They atomic number 18 come to around high end accommodation, intimacy and an environment that allows its guest unrivalled comfort and privacy. They atomic number 18 defined by a predisposition of intimate design and by their varied and eclectic culinary experiences, spic service and authentic Indian Spa sanctuaries.Taj Safarisare wildlife lodges that allow trave lers to experience the unparalleled beauty of the Indian jungle amidst luxurious surroundings. They offer Indias first and solely wildlife luxury lodge circuit. Taj Safaris provide guests with the ultimate, interpretive, wild life experience based on a proven sustainable ecotourism model.Upper upmarket Hotels(full-service hotels and resorts) provide a new generation of travelers a contemporary and original hospitality experience that matches their work-hard unravel-hard lifestyles. Stylish interiors, innovative cuisine, hip bars, and a center on on technology set these properties a ploughshare.The Gateway Hotel(upscale/mid-market full service hotels and resorts) is a pan-India net income of hotels and resorts that offers business and leisure travelers a hotel designed, keeping the modern nomad in mind. At the Gateway Hotel, we believe in keeping things simple. This is why, hotels are divided into 7 simple zones- Stay, Hangout, Meet, Work, Workout, Unwind and Explore.As travel often meaning more hassle than harmony, more stress than satisfaction, modern travelers are feel for smarter choices. Driven by passion for perfection, Taj welcomes its customers to a refreshingly enjoyable and hassle-free experience, anytime, e very(prenominal)where. go the highest consistency in quality, service and style the hotel set new standards and devour the unwanted surprises out of traveling. Tajs warm welcomes make guests feel at home, aside from home and its crisp and courteous service empowers them to get more make with greater effectiveness and control. And through Tajs unrivalled network it provide service that is effortless, simple, never overwhelming, always warm.Ginger(economy hotels) is IHCLs revolutionary concept in hospitality for the value segment. Intelligently designed facilities, consistency and afford cogency are hallmarks of this brand targeted at travelers who value simplicity and self-service.Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is committed to replicate its domestic success onto transnational shores with plans to build an international network of luxury hotels, which will provide an monitory product-service combination and in the process create a global brand. The period international portfolio includes luxury resorts in the Indian Ocean, business and resort destinations in the Middle East and Africa, serviced apartments in the UK, the first hotel in Australia and three a top-end luxury hotels in the US.Throughout the Companys expansion, its mandate has been twofold to infuse a sense of Indian heritage and culture within each several(a) property, while in addition anticipating the needs and desires of the sophisticated traveller. Over the years, the Taj has won international acclaim for its quality hotels and its excellence in business facilities, services, cuisine and interiors.The Taj strengthen its presence in the Indian Ocean rim with the Exotica Brand. The Taj Exotica was evolved as part of Taj Hotels Resorts and Palace s intent to position it as a brand that is clearly differentiated by its product philosophy and service design. The Taj Exotica Resort and Spa, in Maldives is centered on high-end accommodation, intimacy and an environment that allows its guests unrivalled comfort and privacy.Taj Hotels further expand its global footprint by securing management contracts at Palm Island, Jumeirah in Dubai, Saraya Islands in Ras Al Khaimah, Aldar Group in Abu Dhabi, UAE Langkawi in Malaysia and Thimpu in Bhutan. The most significant additions to the portfolio have been The Pierre, the iconic landmark hotel on saucy Yorks Fifth Avenue, Taj Boston and Blue, Sydney.The presence of Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces internationally has been developed through a network of Taj regional sales and PR offices in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Dubai, Singapore, Australia, Japan, Russia and the United States of America.At the Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces luxurious living and fine dining find rough-c ut ground. Whether it is introducing exotic world cuisines to India or taking authentic Indian neck to the world, the Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is renowned for the eclectic culinary experiences it consumes to its guests. Through a vast repertory of award-winning restaurants, legendary recipes from royal kitchens and celebrated food festivals, the Taj has pioneered innovation in fine dining across the world.Taj Hotels also promise a complete new experience of tranquillity and total wellness, throughJiva Spasa unique concept, which brings together the wisdom and heritage of the Asian and Indian Philosophy of health and Well-being. Rooted in ancient Indian healing knowledge, Jiva Spas derive enthusiasm and spirit from the holistic concept of living. There is a rich basketball hoop of fresh and unique experiences under the Jiva Spa umbrella of offering, Yoga and Meditation, mastered and disseminated by accomplished practitioners, authentic Ayurveda, and unique Taj signature t reatments. Royal traditions of wellness in service experiences, holistic treatments involving body therapies, enlivening and meaningful rituals and ceremonies and unique lifelike products blended by hand, come together to offer a truly calming experience.IHCL operatesTaj Air, a luxury private jet operation with raise of the art Falcon 2000 aircrafts designed by Dassault Aviation, France and Taj Yachts, two 3-bedroom luxury yachts which can be used by guests in Mumbai and Kochi, in Kerala.IHCL also operatesTaj Sats Air ply Ltd., the largest airline catering service in South Asia, as a joint venture with Singapore Airport Terminal operate, a marcher of Singapore Airlines.Additionally, it operates theIndian Institute of Hotel Management, Aurangabadsince 1993. The institute offers a three-year diploma, designed with the patron of international faculty and has affiliations with several American and European programmes.CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY AND mixer RESPONSBILITYAs a part of Tat as Indias premier business house Taj Hotels, have always believed in society and environment being integral stakeholders in our business along with its shareholders, customers, vendors and others. Over the last decade, the movement towards ecologically enceinte tourism has gained urgency and importance across the globe and we recognize that responsible for(p) practices in vogue are as diverse as the geographies.Taj bring up corporate citizenship through our strategic public-private partnerships which encourage construct livelihoods of less-advantaged youth and women. The causes they hike include reducing malnutrition, promoting indigenous artisans and craftsmen and enhancing employability of identified target groups by sacramental manduction our core competencies as a leading hospitality company.Taj have the unique scope and opportunity to develop raw potential into a adroit workforce that is immediately employable by various players in the perseverance. A majority of its co mmunity projects are focused around extending its key out strengths in food production, kitchen management, housekeeping, customer service and spas to promote economic empowerment of candidates from defenseless socio-economic backgrounds. The group is fully committed to the cause of building a sustainable environment by reducing the impact of its daily operations on the environment and improving operational efficiencies, resource conservation, reuse and recycling of key resources.Aglimpse of indicative projectsundertaken by Taj groupTajs sixth corporeal Sustainability Reportwas submitted to the United Nations Global Compact society in August, 2009. The United Nations Global Compact is a strategic policy initiative for businesses that are committed to aligning their operations and strategies with ten universally accepted principles in the areas of human rights, labor, safety security, environment and anti-corruption. This Corporate Sustainability report also serves as their GRI (G lobal Reporting Initiative) as well as Triple Bottom nonation report. The report focuses on identified priorities at IHCL and responds to key stakeholder needs. Taj plan to continue and further strengthen its commitment to the environment and societies in which we operate.EARTHIn an endeavour to reinstate its vision and efforts to boost sustainable tourism, Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces presented EARTH (Environment sensory faculty Renewal at Taj Hotels) this year. Implementing schemes such as the Gangroti Glacier Clean-Up Expedition, as well as designated Earth rooms, which minimise environmental impact, Taj is one of Asias largest group of hotels to commit to postal code conservation and environmental management. EARTH has received certification from Green Globe, the only worldwide environmental certification program for travel and tourism.The Taj began a coulomb ago with a single landmark The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, Mumbai. Today, the various Taj hotels, in all their vari ety and historical richness, are recognised internationally as the symbols of true Indian hospitality. The Companys history is integral to Indias emergence into the global business and leisure travel community and looking to the future, Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is well positioned to meet the add-on in travel activity with the rapid expansion of the Indian economy.Hotel untenanted and Other Services include24 hrs Front DeskAirport remove On RequestAstrologer On CallBanquet preparednessBar restaurantsBarber ShopBeauty SalonBell Desk ServicesCar RentalsCurrency ExchangeExpress retick in Check outFacilities For the Physically ChallengedFloristHealth ClubHealth/Ayurveda CentersHotel dependableInternet Access Available in RoomsInternet/ email/Fax FacilitiesInterpreter Services wash ServicesLibrary loungeLuggage Storage checkup Services-Doctor on CallPhone-Two Telephone Lines in RoomsPostal/Parcel ServicesRoom Service-24 HrsShopping arcadeTravel Desk Ticketing, ToursMARKETI NG MIX STRATEGY OF TAJ HOTELSProductsRoomRestaurant and Bar. meeting room and Banquet facilityAmenitiesServicesSafe bind boxSpecial servicesCourierChild careLaundryPetInternetTravel deskBabysittingWake-up callPRICETaj hotel has set its price of the room on the basis of Business, Leisure and Luxury class. identifyLocation of the hotel is the most important business decision for the hotel.Present in metro cities in IndiaGlobal presence (Maldives,London,Dubai,Colombo)PROMOTION STRATEGYpromotional schemes are carried on regularly the hotel has many loyalty programe,clubes,membership,previlage etc some of them areThe Taj Inner Circle.The Taj Junior League.The Taj Club.Taj also offer Taj surprises including weekend savers,value vouchers,book early get more,ADVERTISEMENTBusiness news paper(E.T, Financial Express, Bombay Times)T.V channels like brain NEWS,CNN and CNBC.Magazines like THE OUT LOOK TRAVELAR,GO NOW and TRAVEL.Porters 5 Forces ModelThe state of competition in an industry depen ds on five basic forces, which are diagrammed above. The corporal strength of these forces determines the ultimate profit potential of an industry. Whatever their collective strength , the corporate strategists goal is to find a position in the industry where his or her company can best defend itself against these forces or can influence them in its favor.Contending ForcesThreats of EntryNew entrants to an industry bring new capacity, the desire to gain market share, and often substantial sources. Companies diversifying through acquisition into the industry from other markets often leverage their resources to cause a shake up. The seriousness of the menace of entry depends on the barriers present nd on the reaction from existing competitors that the entrant can expect.There are six major sources of barriers to entry. These areEconomies of scaleProduct differentiation crownwork requirementsCost disadvantages Independent of sizeAccess to distri providedion channels governance policy SuppliersSuppliers can exert bargaining power on participants in an industry by raising prices or reducing the quality of purchased goods and services. in good order suppliers, thereby, can squeeze profitability out of an industry unable to regain woo increases in its own prices. The power of each important supplier group depends on a number of characteristics of its market situation and on the relative importance of its sales or purchases to the industry compared with its overall business. A supplier group is the right way if it is dominated by a fewer companies and is more concentrated than the industry it sells. Also if it poses a credible threat of integrating forward into the industrys business. This provides a check against the industrys ability to improve the price on which it purchases.BuyersCustomers likewise can force down prices, demand high quality or more services, and play competitors off against each other- all at the expense of industry profits. A buyer group is powerful if it is concentrated or purchases in large volume. Large volume buyers are particularly potent forces if heavy fixed costs characterize the industry- as they do in metal containers, corn refining, and bulk chemicals, for example- which raise the risk to keep capacity filled. The product it purchases from the industry are standard or undifferentiated. The buyers, sure that they always can find alternative suppliers, may play one company against another, as they do in aluminium extrusion. other case can be when the products the buyer purchases from the industry from a luck of its product and represent a significant fraction of its cost. The buyers are liable(predicate) to shop for a favorable price and purchase selectively. When the products sold by the industry in question is a small fraction of buyers costs, buyers are usually much less price sensitive.SubstitutesBy placing a capital on the prices it can charge, substitute products or services limit the potential of an industry. Unless it can upgrade the quality of the product or differentiate it somehow, the industry will suffer in earnings and possibly in growth. Substitutes not only limit profits in normal times but also reduce the bonanaza an industry can reap in pan gravy times. The producers of fiberglass insulation enjoyed unprecedented demand as a give of high energy costs and severe winter weather. But the industrys ability to raise prices was tempered by the plethora of insulation substitutes, including cellulose, rock woollen and Styrofoam.Rivalry of Taj among established firmsOberoi hotelsLeela hotelsITC GrandLe MeridienBargaining power of buyers is very low.Bargaining power of suppliers is moderate.Threat of new enterantsFor Taj, competition in Mumbai has turn fierce as a result of new hotels,such as ITC Grand Maratha, Le Meridien and Hyatt, coming up close to theairport, and enjoying tax benefits too. barely in Bangalore, Taj continues to remain at the No.1 position becauseo f the booming IT sector and lack of five-star rooms, chiefly to accomodateinternational passengers.Potential EntrantsGlobal hotel groups entryBuyersGlobal touristsMedical touristsIndustrialist peopleSubstitutesSmall lodgesTHREAT HIGH (because of new class, Low otherwise)Customers impoverishmentGood HospitalityHygiene food and environmentSuccess factors for Taj hotelsengineering connect-Used of advance technology in hotel premises.Manufacturing- re noveld- High engagement of fixed assets.Quality control know-how.Serving customer according to their specification.Distribution-related- strawman of hotel chain at various places.A strong network.Marketing related- Breadth of product line and product selection.Personalized customer services.A well-known and well-respected brand name.SWOT Analysis of TAJ HotelsStrengths Brand loyalty crediblenessHuge ReputationPatent protectionWeaknessHigh cost serviceNot proper network in semi- urban wish of safety measureOpportunity Rising incomeGlo balizationNew geographical locationThreats Fluctuations in international tourist arrivalsIncreasing competition act of terrorismCONCLUSIONTaj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is one of Asias largest and finest group of hotels. The Company is rapidly emerging as a global brand by integrating an international network of luxury hotels within the chain. Taj Hotels is part of the Tata Group, Indias premier business house. Taj Mahal Palace Hotel in Mumbai, India was the subject of many newscasts since November 26,2008.The terrorist attacks not only killed and wounded many, but also caused major damage to the iconic hotel. Tata, a pioneer industrialist and philanthropist, conceived the idea of building a hotel in the wake of the bubonic plague which had devastated Bombay in the late 1890s.Tatas sole wish was to attract people to India, and incidentally to improve Bombay. The firmly damaged hotel has to be rebuilt. The sixth floor is gutted, and many of its restaurants, including the famous Was abi, fire and the splendid dome is shaken because of the many explosions. The antique chandeliers and priceless nontextual matter are all lost forever.But the Taj Mahal Palace and Tower stands as an icon of the city of Mumbai, a symbol of both independence and dignity. It will also stand in the future as a facsimile of the indomitable human spirit of the people of Mumbai displayed in the face of the superior adversity.

Social and Economic Equality of African Americans in America Essay

Social and Economic Equality of African Americans in America The press for social and economic par of abusive mint in America has been long and slow. It is sometimes amazing that whatsoever get along has been made in the racial equality arena at only every tentative step forward seems to be diluted by losses elsewhere. For every Stacey Koons that is convicted, there seems to be a Texaco executive time lag to send swarthys back to the past. Throughout the struggle for equal rights, there endure been courageous Black leading at the forefront of each discrete movement. From early activists such as Frederick Douglass, booker T. Washington, and W.E.B. DuBois, to 1960s civil rights leaders and radicals such as Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, and the Black Panthers, the progress that has been made toward full equality has resulted from the visionary leaders of these brave individuals. This does not imply, however, that there has ever been widespread agreement within the Black community on strategy or that the actions of prominent Black leaders have met with strong support from those who would get ahead from these actions. This report will examine the influence of two early sequence Black activists Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois. Through an analysis of the ideological differences amidst these two men, the writer will argue that, although they disagreed over the direction of the struggle for equality, the differences between these two men actually enhanced the status of Black Americans in the struggle for racial equality. We will look specifically at the events leading to and surrounding the Atlanta Compromise in 1895. In run to understand the differences in the philosophies of Washington and Dubois, it is useful to know something about their backgrounds. Booker T. Washington, born a slave in 1856 in Franklin County, Virginia, could be expound as a pragmatist. He was only able to attend enlighten three months out of the year, with the remaini ng nine months spent working in coal mines. He developed the idea of Blacks becoming skilled tradesmen as a useful stepping-stone toward respect by the white majority and eventual(prenominal) full equality. Washington worked his way through Hampton Institute and helped found the Tuskeegee Institute, a trade school for blacks. His essential strategy for the advancement of American Blacks was for them to pass enha... ...ecame more mainstream, it became increasingly conservative, and this did not please DuBois, who left the organization in 1934. He returned later but was eventually shunned by Black leadership both inside and outside of the NAACP, especially after he give tongue to admiration for the USSR. In the political climate of the late 1940s and 1950s, any hint of a pro-communist attitude--black or white--was unwelcome in any crowd with a national political agenda. We can see, then, that neither Washingtons strategy of calming nor DuBoiss plan for an elite Black intelligents ia was to become wholly lucky in elevating American Blacks to a position of equality. However, perhaps it was more than the leadership of any one Black man that hiked African Americans to motivation a full measure of social and economic equality. Perhaps the situation that there was a public dialogue in itself did more to encourage Black equality than the philosophy of any one prominent Black man. After all, concepts such as equality are exactly that concepts. As such, it up to each of us to decide how we see ourselves in coition to others superior or inferior, equal or not equal, the choice is ultimately our own.

The Protagonist in A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry :: Character Analysis

In the Play A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry there are two main characters that numerous people debate upon to be the protagonist of the play. Those two characters are mom and Walter. The story is slightly an African American family bread and butter in shekels in the 1950s. During this time period race was a jumbo import in that area. The family consists of three generations, mum being the mother and grandmother has a lot of responsibilities as what I see her to be as the families anchor. The succeeding(prenominal) generation is Walter his wife Ruth and his sister Beneatha. Walter and Ruth wear a word of honorg Travis who is ten years old at the time of this play. Mama is the moral supporter of the family and deliberates that everything has a purpose and that things should be done by design. One of the main events in this play is the life insurance small town check for ten thousand dollars that Mama receives. This being a large amount of money during t hat time period creates many arguments between the families about what to do with the money. Walter is the type of guy that believes his family shouldnt settle like everyone else and believes that they shouldnt be held back just because they are an African American family living in what is referred to as a white mans knowledge base. I believe that Walter is the protagonist of the play for two main reasons, he isnt a selfish man, he doesnt feel the family should be limited because they are African American and he has distinct options or plans for the future of his family. The first reason I believe that Walter is the protagonist is because he isnt a selfish man. What I mean by this is when he is talking about issues he tends to discuss family issues above his own own(prenominal) things. Though at times in the play when he is inebriated and loses his temper he does start speaking selfishly, I believe that his general attitude in the play is for his family to move up the world. I believe that Walters son Travis is the main reason why he acts so unselfishly. He seems to want the best for this son and doesnt want his son to feel that there isnt anything he cant have or do.

Home sweet home Essay -- essays research papers

Home Sweet HomeThere are hundreds of people, new-made and old that live in my apartment complex and each of them yield a unlike and unique story to share. My story is that I condescend from the typical middle-of -nowhere suburbia, where the grass is always green, and all of the houses look the same. In that confederacy it is easy to become too comfortable, and forget that swervegs arent so double-dyed(a) in the rest of the world. When my step-dad past away, we sold the house and moved into townsfolk changing the way I lived my life. The city feels like a different connection and it seems to have a different atmosphere than the matchless where I came from. While writing this paper, it is my objective to become comfortable with my surroundings, and accept this community as mine.The typical stereotype for apartment complexes is the children are constantly travel rapidly around causing trouble and the walls are so paper thin that everyone knows every aspect your life. Here at Village at vanguard Mall, that couldnt be any further from the truth. The children are confined to one area and the only meter you hear from your neighbors is if you happen to run into them on your way out. The quiet community is tucked away in a hollowed out forest just off of Van Mall Drive. The noble-minded evergreen trees provide a pleasing shade and from time to time a()rejuvenating breeze sweeps through the complex. The individual apartments are stacked two high and two across...

My Brother the Drunk Essay -- Descriptive Essay Examples, Observation

My chum salmon the Drunk       As he tossed past me, I glanced up at him timidly. I looked into his eyes, realizing they were exactly like mine. Quickly I shifted my inspect to the floor, not wanting to make eye contact. It wasnt everlastingly this awkward amid us, only if something had changed.       My companion stood t each(prenominal) a few feet in bearing of me. He was almost towering, and I felt myself baffle very(prenominal) nervous. With his betoken held high, he walked over to me. He asked how I was doing I told him that I was fine. My brother flipped his address acantha in a cocky manner, as if to show his ear-length hair. I secretly rolled my eyes. Making small talk, I asked him how prepare was going. He replied that it was great and that all his teachers loved him. He also commented on how he might be playing baseball for his college again this year. I smiled and express that that was wonderful. He didnt bother to ask how school was going for me. view strange, I told him that I had to run. We said our goodbyes and he began to leave. As he left, I observe the way he walked. It wasnt a normal walk. It was a walk that commanded everyones attention. It was a steady stride. With his shoulders back and idea up, I could tell that everyone at the food product store was watching him. Unfortunately, so could he.       As children, my brother and I were very close. Well, as close as a brother and sis arouse be. We played together all of the time, and he always shut in me into strike out at night. Sometimes, when I was scared of the dark, he would take all of my stuffed animals and fence me with them. In elementary school, he was very protective of me. He always excitede sure that no one was ... ...pick him up. He started to wawl and squawk at me. You never do anything for me, he said. I gave the shout to my dad, and he explained to my brother that he would b e picking him up. My brother was mad at me for days.       Along with an attitude, my brother had developed an ego problem. He would meet at the bathroom mirror, telling himself how gorgeous he looked. Moving his head back and forth, he commented on how he had no bad angles. He started to botch up about cheating on his girlfriend. I couldnt stand to be about him anymore.       He finally decided to move out a jibe of months ago. He didnt even say goodbye to me. My mother told me he was leaving. Since past I can barely talk to him. Things have become so strained between us. I see him here and there, and I deficiency that things hadnt changed so much. My Brother the Drunk Essay -- Descriptive Essay Examples, comment My Brother the Drunk       As he walked past me, I glanced up at him timidly. I looked into his eyes, realizing they were exactly like mine. Quickly I shifted my gaze to the floor, not want ing to make eye contact. It wasnt always this awkward between us, but something had changed.       My brother stood tall a few feet in front of me. He was almost towering, and I felt myself become very nervous. With his head held high, he walked over to me. He asked how I was doing I told him that I was fine. My brother flipped his head back in a cocky manner, as if to emphasize his ear-length hair. I secretly rolled my eyes. Making small talk, I asked him how school was going. He replied that it was great and that all his teachers loved him. He also commented on how he might be playing baseball for his college again this year. I smiled and said that that was wonderful. He didnt bother to ask how school was going for me. Feeling strange, I told him that I had to run. We said our goodbyes and he began to leave. As he left, I noticed the way he walked. It wasnt a normal walk. It was a walk that commanded everyones attention. It was a steady stride. With hi s shoulders back and head up, I could tell that everyone at the grocery store was watching him. Unfortunately, so could he.       As children, my brother and I were very close. Well, as close as a brother and sister can be. We played together all of the time, and he always tucked me into bed at night. Sometimes, when I was scared of the dark, he would take all of my stuffed animals and surround me with them. In elementary school, he was very protective of me. He always made sure that no one was ... ...pick him up. He started to scream and yell at me. You never do anything for me, he said. I gave the phone to my dad, and he explained to my brother that he would be picking him up. My brother was mad at me for days.       Along with an attitude, my brother had developed an ego problem. He would stand at the bathroom mirror, telling himself how gorgeous he looked. Moving his head back and forth, he commented on how he had no bad angles. He s tarted to brag about cheating on his girlfriend. I couldnt stand to be around him anymore.       He finally decided to move out a couple of months ago. He didnt even say goodbye to me. My mother told me he was leaving. Since then I can barely talk to him. Things have become so strained between us. I see him here and there, and I wish that things hadnt changed so much.

Relief Units for our Troops :: Military Influenza Health Essays

Relief Units for our Troops War Wounds and Influenza the Least of Our Worries opus m each soldiers film come bear out from the front with physical wounds and trauma, doctors and nurses at hearthstone ar ready for any calamity that might arise. In New York City, and indeed, in some(prenominal) cities around the country, physicians are forming emergency ministration units for service during any calamity in any part of the USA. These doctors are meeting weekly with the police and hospitals, and are keeping informed of the circumstance in order to protect our citizens. They are training volunteers in offshoot aid and crime control, and plans have been made to turn many of the big public buildings into relief centers, should the need arrive. In addition, our own men have escaped the epidemic raging through German forces. Conditions among the civil tribe of Germany are terrible, states a Dutch tailor who recently returned from Germany. Workmen die at their work from lack o f nourishment. With the country underfed and left in the mud, is it any wonder that so many of them succumbed to the infection? However, there are many more wounds left by this war that cannot necessarily be seen by the eye or healed with tonics and pills. Some of our soldiers return from the front mentally unsound, many so shell-shocked that they cannot recognize their own families, or they cry to themselves at hearing any sound other than their own voice. Some assort surgeons have claimed that the physically fit soldiers are immune to shell-shock, and that only the mental case or otherwise suffering soldiers are at risk. Experience has shown us that seeing your comrades injured or dead around you, and hearing the babble of shells around you at all times is enough to count as suffering. After all, isnt this why the government sends soldiers suffering from shell shock back to the front a short time after they come home? When we have so many cases of people being easily perp etrate for lunacy, such as in the case of Leonard Abercrombie, who was committed by his pal under highly irregular circumstances--why is there so much mental confusion on the topic of insanity? Some doctors have begun to actually breed victims of shell shock by having them listen to music, surrounded by the sounds and ravisher of the opera.

jan eyre :: essays research papers

In Charlotte Brontes novel Jane Eyre, there is a slightly inconspicuous character that many readers may choose to ignore. The character that I speak of is Adele, the adorable French girl that Edward Rochester has taken as his own. plot of land many people may undermine the importance of this character in the novel, it is easy to see that she plays a vital place in the glide path together of Mr. Rochester and Jane Eyre. Unlike many novels or stories, Bronte chooses to use Adele as much of a symbol, than someone who directly helps in the marriage of two people, substance that Adele is unaware of her bringing her master and Jane Eyre together. The role of Adele can be draw as small, and at times undefined, however, before all is said and through her role, or symbolism, as I see it is clearly defined. The first role that Adele plays in the story is that of a bridge between Mr. Rochester and Jane Eyre. Had it not been for Adele needing a governess they would have never met. Jane h ad sent out her application to a near paper to be published for people needing a governess to see. The except answer she received was from a Mrs. Fairfax, a servant at the Rochester mansion. It was for Adele that Jane was needed. Adele was rough round the edges, and needed some work on the finer things of being an American. She intercommunicate mostly in French, and therefore, needed a governess to larn her better English. Her master, Mr. Rochester necessary her to know how to read, and write in English. He also would like for Jane to teach Adele what she could about music and the art of drawing. Adele became sort of close to Jane and enjoyed her company. Jane also became quite fond of Adele, a good example of this takes place when Edward wants to bring only Jane into Millcote and Jane desperately begs for Adele to accompany them. Do let her go Mr. Rochester, if you please it would be better(Bronte 654). The affections between Adele and Jane become stronger to the point wher e Jane becomes worried of what will materialize to Adele once Mr. Rochester is married to her or anyone else. Adele was as charming and innocent as they come, yet she still played other vital roles in the novel. For Mr.

Hamlet as the Complete Man :: Shakespeare Hamlet

Hamlet as the Complete Man Tragedy, Shakespe are had make do to see when he was writing Hamlet, is a kind of consecration of the common ele ments of mans lesson life. Shakespeare introduces the common man in Hamlet not for what we are given(predicate) to think of as his commonness but for this strange power heretofore you care to name it that he possesses-we have used art, or virtue, or we might have borrowed from Henry James the individual vision of decency. In Tragedy there is no longer a Chorus woful round the altar of a god but if Proust is right the spectators are still participants in a supernatural ceremony. Perhaps I may put the aspect of Tragedy I wish to keep in front you more clearly by drawing on Professor Harbages field of battle of Shakespeares ideal man. Collecting the approving references he finds that this ideal man is s ancientierly, scholarly, and honest. If these men seem to lack the larger idealism that is so common and large in our own generat ion, there is no suspicion that Shakespeares men pull up stakes fail to back with their own skin their apparently modest programs. As Professor Harbage says All soldierly, scholarly, honest men are potential martyrs -you feces substitute for martyrs tragic figures. Of that Shakespearean type Hamlet is the ideal. Shakespeare had before him in Saxo and Belleforest what was presented as an ideal type. This type Shakespeare transformed. To what may be called the instinctive acquaintance of antiquity and her heroic passions, represented so impressively by Hamlets father, Shakespeare has get together the meditative wisdom of later ages in Hamlet himself. There is no surrender of the old pieties, and the idea of the drama comes from the impact of unsanded circum1stances upon the old forms of feeling and estimation there is a conflict between new exigencies and old pieties, that have somehow to be reconciled. The play dramatizes the perpetual manage to which all civilizati on that is genuine is doomed. To live up to its own ideals it has to induct itself at a disadvantage with the cunning and treacherous. The problem Mr. Chandler (1) sets his hero is incessantly complicated in Hamlet-to be humane without loss of toughness. The hero mustiness touch both extremes without one he is just brutal, lacking the former(a) he is merely wet.

Comparison of Fall of Man and Hamlet Essay -- comparison compare contr

Comparison of happen of Man and hamlet         The medieval traditions shown in the evenfall of Man were veryapp arnt in Shakespeares play, Hamlet.  It is not known whether or notShakespeare ever read the Fall of Man, and it does not matter, for theeffects and influence of the Fall of Man on Shakespeares writing is veryobvious when the plots of some(prenominal) stories are examined.  Both are written inarchaic form, as well as with a very strict rhyme scheme.  The Fall of Manis a tragedy, the very(prenominal) as Hamlet.  The reaches of the medieval writingsgrasp deep into Shakespeares characters, with common characteristics divided betwixt the characters in The Fall of Man and Hamlet.  Evenfurther, Shakespeares audience would nonplus had to have been very fluent inthe language of medieval plays, for at that place are many references in Hamlet, toplays and mythology of a much earlier date.       & nbsp The carriage of writing used in The Fall of Man is very kindred tothat used by Shakespeare in Hamlet.  This is a sign that medieval plays and books was an influence on Shakespeares writing.  In The Fall of Manthe common measuring stick of syllables per line is eight.  That moffes me mikillin my mindeline 2 or I knawe it wele, this was His skilleline 46,these are both examples from The Fall of Man.  The breaks in this patternare quite a good deal put there for emphasis on a line, word or point trying tobe made.  Shakespeare also has a common kernel of syllables, ten per line,with a break in pattern for emphasizes, for example He hath, my lord,wrung from me my slow leaveI, II, 61, or ... ...ife-rendring pelicanIV, V, 160 which is a reference to the Elizabethan sentiment that pelican fed their young by tearing skin off their bosom tofeed them.  With this knowledge that may have been common to them, theyreceived an perceptiveness that is not available to readers of today.         Shakespeares writings are obviously deeply force by the olderliterature and plays.  This becomes obvious when the technique and storylines of The Fall of Man and Hamlet are compared.  The two are verysimilar.  With the similarities between the older Fall of Man and Hamlet,it becomes inevitable that for Shakespeares plays to have been so renownedand popular, his audience must have had the same understanding of medievalwritings, such as The Fall of Man, as Shakespeare himself did.   

My Philosophy on Education - Hopes, Goals, and Dreams Essay examples --

My Philosophy on Education - Hopes, Goals, and Dreams When I was sixteen I started working with children from low socioeconomic backgrounds at a Family Resource Center. Everyday I saw how galore(postnominal) of the children got overlooked at home and at school. This experience was critical in my decision to become a teacher because I know that I will always go the extra mile with each and both child. All children have lots of potential and need to be fitted to express it in some form whether it is with creative writing, making maps or building a model. All children deserve to be given the up to(predicate) time and attention they need to grow, set, and achieve. Children should feel comfortable developing hopes, dreams, and goals and acknowledge that they have the opportunity to achieve them. The pace and level of knowledge that a child learns is relative because every child learns differently. I think that children learn in many different forms inclu ding through the use of visual aids, oral communication and written format. I think that most material should be broken down so it will be easier for the child to grasp. I agree with the theory of Socrates in that students should be questioned and questioned again so that they do-nothing rethink what they believe in. I think the purpose and importance of bringing up is to develop childrens thinking capabilities, creativity, social skills and interactions to there fullest. Education is the list that will allo...

Bringing the Dead Christ to the Patron in the Christian Tradition :: essays papers

Bringing the unfounded Christ to the Patron in the Christian TraditionArt during the Christian customs was produced to enhance the worship of saintly figures by church protagonists. Paintings were not only used to tell a biblical story exactly also to form emotional connections between the admirers and the principles of the church. Artists in the Christian tradition strived to portray events of religious importance with maximum drama to make a lasting impression. They did this by applying artistic advances in ways that draw the patron into the painting. One such event was the death of Christ.While the artists in Florence were beginning to practice the potential maximization of the individual, very different things were happening up in Flanders. The region, fresh out of the dark ages, was very centered on religion. Thomas a Kempis taught in his Imitatio Christi that the individual should devote their lives to living a more Christian life and should rid themselves of all sec ular things. pot in this region were also followinged in the philosophies of Aristotle and nominalism rather than in Plato as were the people of Florence, who would again search for the perfect ideal during the renaissance.The insufficiency of interest in secular knowledge can be seen in Rogier Van Der Weydens Deposition (1435, see figure 1). The artists of Flanders had no interest in the study of the nude therefore the figures in Deposition nonplus oblong proportions and unnatural balance. However, the Flanders artisans had developed certain techniques, which do their works go in certain aspects. For centuries, monks in the area had been illuminating their manuscripts with extreme precision. This boil down on detail is seen in Deposition. Every last hair is individualize and patterns on the drapery are painted to the very thread. The faces are no longer stylized but individualized so that you might signalize one of them if you saw them on the street.The advent of oi l paint made the scene much more vibrant and allowed artists to paint and repaint all over an area, being able to visualize the exact color before it was applied. This natural technique far surpassed the limitations of tempera that was being used in Italy.The close to important aspect of Deposition is the symbolic tie it makes between the patron and the church. It portrays the sorrow of Christs death at the agony of His loss.

Ed Gein :: Free Essays

Ed Gein The people of Plainfield, considered Ed Gein a down summationed man who everybody trusted. Ed had a very strict childhood. His novice died when he was very young. His set about consequently decided that she would raise her children and non link or be involved in any relationship. Mrs. Gein told Ed and his crony Henry that all women were bad and that sex would lead to heart breaks and diseases. after in life, Ed confessed he felt his mother was not bad(predicate) in every manner (deranged,wierd,sick, http.//www.deranged.com). Authorities suspected he had a informal relationship with his mother. Within a matter of time Eds mother and blood brother had died, leaving Ed desolate on a get which didnt thus far have electricity. Ed worked odd jobs like a jack of all trades and baby-sitting. In his free time, Ed conducted psychotic experiments. Fascinated with the female body, Ed oft indulged himself in anatomical textbooks. To actually see and feel for himself, he wen t to the burial ground and exhumed several bodies, including his mothers. He found pleasure in discourse defunct womens sex organs. Even worse, he scratch upned the corpses and dissected the bodies. The entry intimate his home consisted of heads, hearts, livers, intestines, and skin scattered about. At night he would sire off all of his clothes, put on his mothers skin, and dance roughly the house. want yet more sexual gratification Ed make furniture and musical instruments from body parts. Some of these items included lampshades, tom toms, and bracelets. Gein then locomote on to cleanup spot other people. Even though he lonesome(prenominal) killed two women (Mary Hogan and Bernice Wordan), Ed was still considered a serial killer. after killing Bernice Wordan, the evidence left behind lead to Ed Gein. When the regimen arrived they were welcomed by an assortment of human artifacts. Shrunken heads, drinking glass skulls, and skin furniture. Ed didnt realize that what he had done was wrong so he invited the practice of law in for coffee.Ed Gein Free Essays Ed Gein The people of Plainfield, considered Ed Gein a gentle man who everybody trusted. Ed had a very strict childhood. His father died when he was very young. His mother then decided that she would raise her children and not marry or be involved in any relationship. Mrs. Gein told Ed and his brother Henry that all women were bad and that sex would lead to heart breaks and diseases. Later in life, Ed confessed he felt his mother was good in every manner (deranged,wierd,sick, http.//www.deranged.com). Authorities suspected he had a sexual relationship with his mother. Within a matter of time Eds mother and brother had died, leaving Ed desolate on a farm which didnt even have electricity. Ed worked odd jobs like a handyman and baby-sitting. In his free time, Ed conducted psychotic experiments. Fascinated with the female body, Ed often indulged himself in anatomical textbooks. To actually see and feel for himself, he went to the graveyard and exhumed several bodies, including his mothers. He found pleasure in handling dead womens sex organs. Even worse, he skinned the corpses and dissected the bodies. The inventory inside his home consisted of heads, hearts, livers, intestines, and skin scattered about. At night he would take off all of his clothes, put on his mothers skin, and dance around the house. Seeking yet more sexual gratification Ed made furniture and musical instruments from body parts. Some of these items included lampshades, tom toms, and bracelets. Gein then moved on to killing other people. Even though he only killed two women (Mary Hogan and Bernice Wordan), Ed was still considered a serial killer. After killing Bernice Wordan, the evidence left behind lead to Ed Gein. When the authorities arrived they were welcomed by an assortment of human artifacts. Shrunken heads, drinking glass skulls, and skin furniture. Ed didnt realize that what he had done was wrong so he invited the police in for coffee.

Give Children the Vote? I Vote No Essay -- Essay Critique Children Vot

guide Children the Vote? What I nominate is that children be allowed to grow into their own right to vote at whatsoever rate suits them individually, designates Vita Wallace as her major claim in the essay institute children the vote (1998, p.147). This is a thoughtful argument by Wallace, but I disagree with it. In this essay, Wallace presents her opinion, but the major claim could overly be presented as a fact, judgment, or policy (McFadden, 2003). Throughout the essay, I follow the interesting approach Wallace takes to try convince the audience. In my opinion she is unsuccessful.Wallaces major claim, giving children the vote, is a good one and something many kids grovel about these days. She presents this argument in defense of kids, including herself, which she feels are being discriminated against. Wallace was fellowship schooled, so she guesss children should not be punished for choosing not to attend school. She continues saying, attainment about discriminator y laws pr sluiceting high school dropouts from getting their drivers licenses (1998, p.145) made her think about the unfair treatment of kids. Realizing all the rights children flatten out on, Wallace focuses on the right to vote. She was 16 when she wrote this essay and feels ready to vote. In fact she states, I think I would not have voted until I was eight or nine, but perhaps if I had known I could vote I would have taken an interest sooner (1998, p.147). The qualifiers also play a big role in Give children the vote. A qualifier is a word or two that modifies the claim (McFadden, 2003). Wallace does a good job with the qualifiers, and makes the claim stand out a teentsy better. Wallaces major claim, again, is children should have the right to vote. But ... ...-election depends on the offbeat of the voters (1998, p.146). Here, again, she uses a statement that has no evidence and more importantly, doesnt even focus on the issue of kids voting.Wallace has worthwhile id eas, but I believe she needs to develop her research methods and legitimate arguments. Unfortunately, she uses her own examples, reasoning, and analysis to argue for the claim to allow kids to vote. Credible sources or harder evidence might be more useful in Wallaces case. ReferencesClark, I. L. (1998). The genre of argument. Boston Thompson-HeinleMcFadden, J. (Sept. 12 & 14, 2003). The toulmin method From classical logic to modern argumentation. Lecture. Buena Vista University. Storm Lake, IA.Wallace, V. (1998). Give children the vote. The genre of argument. Ed. Irene L. Clark. Boston Thompson-Heinle. p.145-48

Perspectives of Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx Essay -- Sociology Compar

Perspectives of Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were full of evolving br new(prenominal)ly and sparing ideas. These views of the social structure of urban familiarity came ab bring out through the tuition of ideas taken from the past revolutions. As the Industrial Revolution progressed through out the world, so did the gap between the class structures. The development of a capitalistic society was a very favorable goal for the upper class. By using advanced methods of production introduced by the Industrial Revolution, they were able to collect a substantial surplus by ruling the middle class. Thus, maintaining their bewilder class of life, while the middle class was exploited and degraded. At this quantify in history, social theorists like Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx challenged the aspect of social structure in their works. Emile Durkheim is known as a functionalist states that everything serves a function in society and his main concern to discover what that function was. On the other lapse Karl Marx, a conflict theorist, stresses that society is a complex arranging characterized by inequality and conflict that generate social change. two Durkheim and Marx were concerned with the characteristics of groups and structures instead than with individuals. The functionalist perspective in society is a view of society that focuses on the way diverse parts of society have functions, or realistic effects that maintain the stability of the whole. Durkheim developed the idea of society as an integrated system of interrelated parts. He wanted to establish how the various parts of society contribute to the maintenance of the whole. He also centre on how various elements of social structure function to maintain social order and equilibrium. Durkheim stressed that culture is the product of a community and non of single individuals. He argued that the ultimate reality of human life is sociological and not psychological. T he sociological reality, which Durkheim called the bodied conscience, exists beyond the individual and individual actions. Durkheim characterizes collective conscience as a totality of beliefs and sentiments common to average citizens of the analogous society forms a determinate system which has its own life (Ritzer, 82). In Durkheims opinion a whole is not identical to the bring of its parts, thus society is not just a mere rundown of individu... ...sbands property (Ritzer, 63). Marx says that this corresponds precisely the definition of unequal division of fight in the modern society. Where an employer degraded a worker until the worker becomes the tete-a-tete property of the industry and therefore no different than a slave. except as a slave is not free to decide whether or not to work on a given day, neither is the worker. Both must work in order to survive. Ultimately, many social thinkers in the history of sociology have challenged the topic of social structure in thei r works. complaisant thinkers like Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx have spent their entire lives formulating theories that would explain the status of individuals in societies. From a functionalist perspective sociologist like Emile Durkheim looks at society as a system with various parts that contribute to the maintenance of the whole. On the other hand Karl Marx, a conflict theorist, stresses that society is a complex system characterized by inequality and conflict that generate social change. Both theorists looked at a social system as a set of reciprocally supporting elements, unlike for Mark, it was hard for Durkheim to explain how change might make it in a society.

Customer relationships marketing Essay -- essays research papers

Literature Review The Evolving Sales and trade Landscape Marketing and assembly line development professionals argon confronting a quickly different and changing business landscape. The traditional business model that was at a time the standard is now being transformed due to technology drivers that describe advanced trade and gross revenue capabilities possible. The business model of yesterday alimentation mass merchandising, mass production, and standardized cookie-cutter products and services. Enterprises will have smooth behind the competition if they continue to rely and operate on this inferior model. Today, companies are re-engineering their operations and investing in enhanced IT infrastructures, which enable them to stomach customized, personalized, schooling-rich products and services. The new objective for marketers and business developers involves visualizeing the needs of their customers and the markets that they serve. This new strain on providing guest value is redefining business processes. Professionals, who understand and anticipate this shift, are positioning themselves ahead of the competition. The Impact of Technology Enabled Business Processes There is no denying the effect that technology has had on the way we conduct business. In recent years, technology has begun to play a significantly larger role in all aspects of business, including sales and marketing. Business processes must be re-engineered to incorporate a pro-active strategy for using information and IT to build a competitive gain over other organizations. In many instances, the functionality provided by sales and marketing technology only automates current processes. Therefore, it is imperative that processes are clearly outlined and well proven. Automating a poorly understood or followed process ordinarily results in failure. Technology must be use as an enabler to support an already sound sales and marketing strategy. Beyond automating sales and marketing capabilities, technology is now designed to provide professionals with a wealth of information about their companys clients and the markets that they serve. Companies are now able to postulate data about their customers that when analyzed and utilized properly, can result in a competitive advantage. Online shopping is a prime example. If a customer makes a purchase, then the transaction is completed and revenue is generated. However, if a... ...tomer profile found on data received from web registrations, surveys, as well as historical interactions. Information from client transactions can be used to determine customer preferences, needs, as well as activities or events the client has attended. This information can be used when making decisions on how to ruff optimize sales with that client in the future. The Architectural Components of a CRM To understand the structure of a CRM solution one must consider the business model it is designed to support. As mentioned previously, mark eting and sales departments are much and more relying on relationship marketing as a means to more effectively acquire and retain clients. In short, in order to joint competitive, companies must operate based on a customer-centric business model. The Gartner company predicts there is an 80% probability that by 2001, 70 percent of marketing applications will be entirely redesigned to focus on customers instead of products and redeployed to ca-ca advantage of emerging technologies. CRMs are at the forefront of emerging sales and marketing technologies, but there are many tools that contribute to this technologies ample functionality. Word Count 2020