Menopausal Period

More than 500,000 hysterectomies argon performed apiece year in the US, which, according to the authors, is the highest rate among any nations with make data on this procedure. The extent, of a hysterectomy can vary from replete(p) (removal of uterus and cervix), to supracervical (removal of uterus and preservation of the cervix) to the bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of the ovaries).

Hass and Puretz (2002) also stigmatize that after a hysterectomy, women may sometimes experience blistering flashes (a core symptom of change of carriage) even if they retain their ovaries. But if some(prenominal) ovaries are removed in pre-menopausal women, the procedure ensures premature menopause. Symptoms fuck on abruptly and may be more discriminating than those of natural menopause. In such cases, women are usually habituated hormone replacement therapy which will be discussed later in this report.

Early Signs of Menopause and the Effects of Menopause on Women and Their Lives

Northrup (2001) states that menopause can have a number of set up on women's physical and emotional lives and that at least some of these effects turn over long before menopause in what is cognize as the "peri-menopausal" phase of the climacteric. In this regard, Northrup (2001) notes that sequence menopause closely commonly begins in the early fifties, the body starts preparing for it years in advance with a number of biologic

Several of these alternative treatments have been discussed by Morelli and Naquin (2002). They include: symmetrical exercise, vitamins, fish oils, soy products, herbs and roots such as ominous cohosh, Dong Quai, and evening primrose oil. The authors also note that while more research is needed, some preliminary studies have indicated that several(prenominal) benefits are also associated with antidepressants (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs] and St. John's Wort) in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause.

Clearly, the foregoing symptoms can have fundamental effects on women's lives depending upon the number and frequency of symptoms a stipulation woman experiences as well as upon the degree of her act capacities and the size of her support network (Bosworth, Bastian, Rimer, & Siegler, 2003). Depending upon the level of symptoms and of coping skills or deficits, women can undergo mild to extreme stress during both the perimenopausal and menopausal phases of their lives (Bosworth et. al, 2003). The next section of the paper examines some of the treatments that are often used to help women cope with the stresses associated with peri-menopause and menopause.

freedman, M. A. (2002). Quality of life and menopause: The role of estrogen. Journal of Women's Health, 11(8), 703-718.

3. Osteoporosis (bone loss); this is most likely to occur in women who are thin, smokers, Asian or white, and/or not physically active.

5. Emotional changes, mood swings, irritability and depression..

According to Freedman (2002), there can be several risks associated with HRT. These include an change magnitude risk for breast cancer, heart disease, stroke and blood clots in legs or lungs. However, there are some indications
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