'Quantitative Research Paper Essay\r'

'Quantitative look into includes sort of certain features, calculations and construction of statistical models that privy chance upon these features. In contrast, soft research is to a greater extent than reduce on description of features excluding statistical descriptions. In valued research, data are summarized in the impress of verbal descriptions or graphical representations. On the contrary, in qualitative research they appear in statistical tables, graphs, or charts.\r\nThe research worker is more likely to use qualitative research in the earlier phases of the research figure when one is looking for ideas to be later explored in depth within a quantifiable material. The bear upon of data in quantitative research is more likely to include a matterive fixings than in the other type. As a result, the results of quantitative research cigaret often mix the power setting of the charter but provide enough secular to evaluate a certain hypothesis.\r\nA publicati ons reexamine should be compiled in order to solving a precise head teacher or gain data to evaluate a hypothesis. The researcher should coiffure the type of literature one wants to use as well as the scope of information to be used in the research. The sources used should be sequester for the proceeds. Depending on the type of research, the sources should be predominantly or only peer-reviewed academic publications relevant to the explored question or field of study. The publications used in literature review should be critically evaluated by the reviewer.\r\nIt is also measurable to organize the literature review in a coherent manner so that it is divided into perceivable units. An explanation of how this or that topic fits into the research framework should be provided. The synthesis of material should provide capable background for the topic under research.\r\nConceptualization and operationalization form two pillars of science as these two methods book researchers t o use concepts that are the free-baseation of human geographic expedition of the universe. By baseing objects into categories called concepts and developing functional ways of measuring these concepts by operationalization, researchers fag explore a variety of objects, phenomena and situations.\r\nTheories need to be formulated with the attend of specific concepts. Here conceptualization plays a crucial role, permitting scholars to define classes that provide be described by this or that concept. Conceptualization creates a concept that preempt be delineate in all complexity of relationships and serve as common ground for exploration of an object or phenomenon by different researchers.\r\nOperationalization allows practical application of concepts, permitting their measurement by means of concrete observations. sepa roamly science seeks to define its conceptual apparatus through specific observations. As a result of this quest, â€Å"to operationally define basic c oncepts has now become rudimentary to all sciences” (Wikipedia, 2006).\r\nThe article â€Å"Money, money, money: an exploratory study on the financial literacy of baleful college students” by Angela J. white potato vine that appeared in the September 2005 issue of College Student journal check outs â€Å"the operate of race, gender, be on, major and parental teachingal take aim on the financial knowledge of undergraduate students aid a predominantly Black institution”. The researcher has identified a strikingly low take aim of financial literacy among such students. Age and major were found to comport less(prenominal) influence, while parental education and major had more impact. One research question sens be formulated as â€Å"Does age have an influence on financial literacy of Black college students?”. Another one is â€Å"Does major have an influence on financial literacy of Black college students?”.\r\nIndependent variables include race, gender, parental education, and age. The dependent variable was the financial literacy in certain areas including â€Å"the topics of income taxes, credit consigning, short term savings, investiture for retirement, social security, future college costs and home self- testament” (Murphy, 2005).\r\nThe research used masss. The method is justified because it permitted researchers to have structured, generalizable results that could be analysed with statistical methods. The survey also allowed citizenry to study a broad range of students attend various institutions.\r\nMail survey and personal converse are similar in the inaugural place because they test personal attitudes of people toward a overpower or phenomenon. Both involve respondents with their individual differences, ethnical background, demographic situation that influence the research. The difference lies first of all in the procedure: personal interrogate involves face-to-face contact whereas a get off survey envisages written communication. Consequently, an interview is more personal, while a mail survey presupposes less personal fundamental interaction between the researcher and the respondent.\r\nIn organizational mien investigation, a personal interview is more personal because the participant will be influenced by personal perception of the researcher, possible positive or disallow associations, etc. A mail survey, on the contrary, will be free from these limitations. The downside, however, is the frequently low rate of response that is often accountable for bias in serve ups. A more personal interaction can create more opportunities for the researcher to probe the topic with open-ended questions and find out the opinion of the interviewee with more detail. In addition, if the interviewee finds certain questions ambiguous, he or she can clarify details with the scientist, while this opportunity is remove in the case of a mail survey.\r\nTo investigate the question of tr ust, a personal interview is preferable. First, it is considered â€Å"the intimately reliable method of data collection, curiously when attitudinal mien is of concern” ( pascal Department of Health, 2001). Especially when executives are targeted, the era consumed in filling out a mail survey may become a calculate that will discourage most of the targeted public from receptioning. The filling can be constrained by the budget, as personal interviews are traditionally considered the most overpriced research method.\r\nIn an experiment, the researcher is trying to answer a question performing certain actions that will test the validity of a hypothesis. In a focus group, the researcher is typically trying to explore a broad range of issues. As such, a focus group is called upon to conduct a watchword using prepared question rather than answer a specific question. Besides, the results from a focus group will be less rigidly defined and will require more scholarly explan ation whereas the experiment should deliver a more specific answer to the question.\r\nThe advantage of focus groups is the open-ended constitution of the research that opens possibilities for participants to air their views on many grievous subjects and share opinions. Besides, it is more personal and allows for greater retainer of individual differences, as â€Å"interaction also enables participants to ask questions of each other, as well as to re-evaluate and reckon their own understandings of their specific experiences” (Gibbs, 1997). However, a focus group can be practically difficult to organize, involves participants approaching from different cultures that can contribute to bias. Besides, these groups offer less predictable results as â€Å"researcher, or moderator, for example, has less take in over the data produced” than in other methods (Gibbs, 1997).\r\nAn experiment, on the other hand, provides for a greater degree of control, especially in controll ed experiments, which makes the data more adapted to generalization. However, thither is a possibility that participants will behave in controlled environments differently than they would under typically circumstances.\r\nAn example of research question that can be tested through a focus group is â€Å"What qualities of â€Å"Dove” muck brand make it appealing to consumers?” A focus group would allow participants to share views on the subject with a relatively large degree of immunity so that new, unexpected answers can come up. A question to be tested with an experiment can be â€Å"Do people buy Mercedes cars for attribute or prestige?” This question can be answered in an experiment since here one can identify dependent and independent variables and develop a statistical apparatus to answer the question.\r\nReferences\r\nGibbs, A. (1997, Winter). Focus Groups. sociable Research Update. Retrieved July 2, 2006, from http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/sru/SRU19.html\ r\nMurphy. A.J. (2005, September). Money, money, money: an exploratory study on the financial literacy of Black college students. College Student Journal. Retrieved July 2, 2006, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FCR/is_3_39/ai_n15384395\r\nPennsylvania Department of Health. (2001). Health Statistics †Technical Assistance\r\nTools of the Trade. Retrieved July 2, 2006, from http://www.health.state.pa.us/hpa/stats/techassist/surveytypes.htm\r\nWikipedia. (2006). Operationalization. Retrieved July 2, 2006, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operationalization\r\n'