Lloyd George Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Lloyd George - quality Study ExampleSo, why did the Lloyd George Coalition fall The answer to this can ironically be constitute within his greatest triumphs.In the beginning of Lloyd Georges career, he was a Liberal. It was a time when the Welsh were essay to regain national identity and confidence. He became a council member on the Caernarfon County Council in 1890. This was a puke he held for fifty-five years. He was a very active campaigner and supporter of land reform. Also, he was the youngest member of the House of Commons as a Liberal. In 1908, he was promoted to Chancellor of the Exchequer by Henry Asquith, the new prime minister. He was a very high profile politician, strongly oppose the Boer War.Even before becoming Prime Minister, George was innovatively creating ways to give support to Europe. He oversaw the Merchant merchant vessels Act of 1906, the Patient Act of 1907, and the Port of London Authority in 1908. He then became prime minister for the Asquith adminis tration. In 1909, he created the Peoples Budget. In 1911, he introduced Great Britains National Health Insurance Program and do his famous speech. His speech warned Ger compositiony that they would not stand for intrusion in international affairs. He then became the offset printing Minister of Munitions in 1915, further paving his way to becoming Prime Minister.... He was often called The man who won the war. Upon winning the war, in 1918, the coalition was formed between the conservatives and part of the Liberal political party. They took a enormous majority in the elections that year. However, there were some differences in opinion regarding the leadership within Liberal party and as Chris Cook argues, the conservatives wanted to see the Liberal party remain split between the pursuit of Lloyd George and the followers of Herbert Henry Asquith (the former prime minister.) 2 The conservatives readily carried on with the coalition after the war, since they had not won an election on their own in over a decade. They took the election with 70 percent of the votes. Noted, this was the coupon election and the first election that allowed women over 30 to vote. The conservatives later decided that George owed his win to them and that they could take it back from him at any time. This leftover Lloyd George, in idea at least, without a party officially supporting him. George was a well-respected wartime leader, but the devastation from the war could prove to be the primary factor that cost him his position as prime minister. After all, he was the one to promise, A land fit for heroes. After the war, Great Britain was left in a pitiful state of despair and heading towards a depression. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers died and over a zillion soldiers were left unable to work. Now Britain had to pay millions in war pension on top of the debt they had compile due to the war. This great economic decline was too big of a feat to overcome make up for the Welsh Wiza rd.Britain over invested in staple industries due to the war. This caused a boom in

Strategic Management Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic trouble Process - Essay Example line of descent Energy Limited is a company that sees her self-be more than an get-up-and-go retailer. Rather, the company claims to find and produce flub, generate electricity and invest in renewable energy opportunities including wind, hydro, solar and geothermal. As a fast-growing company in the energy industry (Australian Security Exchange, 2011), Origin Energy is endowed with a number of typical competencies that have been the reason behind the companys performance and growth on the Australian Stock Exchange over the past years. Quoting Bianco from Kenneth R. Andrews 1971 definition of distinctive competencies, it can be said that distinctive competencies refer to the set of activities that an organization could perform especially come up in relation to its competitors. This definition was given as an elaboration of the original theory of distinctive competencies veritable by Philip Selznick in 1957 after he studied vastly differin g organizations, from the Communist Party to the Tennessee Valley warrant. Judging from the definition, it can be pointed out that Origin Energys foremost distinctive competencies atomic number 18 in the areas of diversity of business orientation.Origin Energy operates in several sectors of the energy industry. Among these sectors are embrocate and gas exploration and production, of which the company has several oil and gas reserves across Australia. This is, of telephone line, a competitive return for crisis moments when oil and gas may be in adverse shortage. The fact that the reserves are distribute across Australia in regions such as the Cooper Basin of South Australia, the Bass Strait, Queensland, Victoria and Tasmania doer the company is assured of nationwide constant supply. This is because there is reduced need for transporting oil over languish distances to get various parts of their oil stations with oil and gas supply. Still on oil and gas, the company has a gas f ield in Australia (Sustainability Report, 2009). This makes Origin an International company that enjoys the benefits of foreign exchange. isolated from oil and gas exploration and production, Origin Energy is into wholesale and retail of gas and electricity (Silo Breaker, 2011). silva (2011) observes that retail marketing especially helps increase the revenues of stores and aims to improve the experience consumers get when they visit their favorite shops. This is of course a benefit that Origin Energy is not exempted from. By wholesale and ret

Parent-Child Relationships in a Diverse Society Assignment

Parent-Child Relationships in a Diverse Society - Assignment ExampleLiving with a single parent will influence the growth and expression of the child as well as the parent-child relationship. In case of a single mother, the responsibility of supporting the childs growing up needs corporation progeny in less time being spent with the child as she might take in to carry outside the home for longer hours as a result of which the mother might also have some degree of frustration and depression. In case of single fathers, they would have to manage work in order to spend time with the child. When the children begin to live with an independent parent the household chores and other styles of financial backing can undergo a drastic change, and the child would have to adjust to the lifestyle change. Reduced parenting can result in the child being more aggressive, preoccupied, and depressive with a feeling of insecurity and in some cases violent behavior. When such a behavior is left unc orrected the childs social behavior is also affected leading to an unhealthy lifestyle (Separation and Divorce, n.d Divorce Effects on Children, 2008). From the legal head of view, it can be a stressful time for twain parents and children while negotiating the custody of the child and disjoin settlements. In addition, coping to live with the society can also be a big contend for all those involved in the divorce. The single status of the parents will most likely make them bring down into a new relationship in want of stability. All this could result in lifestyle changes for both the parent and the child (Separation and Divorce, n.d).Thus it is the moral duty of the parent taking custody of the child to hold in that the child has a normal growing environment and the other parent should also show impact responsibility towards the growth of the

The Relationship between Colonists and Native Americans Assignment

The Relationship among Colonists and ingrained Americans - Assignment ExampleIt will show that muniment can reflect the time it is written in, and that word choice and grammar can influence the readers attitude toward the subject. The fire attitude towards Native Americans is, in the earliest extract (1877), one of hatred and violence. Words like dun and aggressive abound, amongst descriptions of the Native American attack on Jamestown and other settlements as massacre, murder and exterminate (in-class exercise). The reason writes that his contemporaries are fighting against Native Americans in Arizona and Montana (the Apache Attacks and Nez Perce War), which is almost something the reader does not need to be told, given how intense and hateful this piece seems. There is no mention of Native American socialization, although the author does (begrudgingly) admit that the tribes could build shelters, grow crops, and hunt. Any reference to an exchange between European and Native American culture is hidden in whining laments that Native Americans appear to be innately hostile to European culture, called here civilization. By contrast, the 1885 piece comes across as slightly less impassioned. Whereas the 1877 text ends by saying that it is certain that Native Americans will have disappeared from the American continent within a some years, the 1885 text expresses hopes that the Native Americans will be Christianized rather than dying out. The 1885 piece attempts to be fairer to the indigenous tribes, and still makes incorrect assumptions, such as the fact that Native Americans lived very simplistic and uncivilized lifestyles. Non-neutral language is use to claim that the Native Americans were inferior to the settlers in the fields of arts and inventions, progress and education, disposition, and religion, and had been since their collision with European culture two hundred years before. The only area in which Native Americans are not lesser is endurance, yet this achievement is still couched in terminology which makes these people seem not quite human. It is light-colored to suspect that the writers of the textbook knew this through experience. The two extracts from nineteenth-century textbooks neither mention individuals, whether European or Native American nor refer to any sort of cultural exchange. Admittedly, this would be hard given that neither text admits the earth of a Native American culture. Nor does either piece suggest any possible explanation for the ill of the Jamestown settlement other than Native American savagery. Therefore these earliest passages reflect the real-life hostilities occurring at the time between Europeans and Native Americans. The Apache Attacks lasted until 1900 when the last fighting tribe surrendered, so it is understandable if despicable that the textbooks adhered to the image of Native Americans as an enemy which must be destroyed. It is more difficult to completely exterminate an enemy if there is essay of the enemys humanity, or that a valuable part of human cultural history might be confounded in their destruction, so it makes sense that contemporary textbooks were unconcerned with these subjects. The 1927 text is the first to recognize that at to the lowest degree some of the Native American tribes were fairly advanced and cultured.

The Commodity Exchange Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Commodity Exchange Act - Essay ExampleAny goodness shoot offered or sold shall, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, be presumed to be offered or sold for shot or investment purposes. A commodity contract shall not include any contract or agreement which requires, and under which the purchaser receives, within 28 calendar days from the payment in nice funds of any portion of the purchase price, physical deliverance of the total amount of each commodity to be purchased under the contract or agreement.1985,c.643(new). (Title 32 Professions and Occupations, Ch.111-A Maine Commodity Code (Heading PL 1987, c.402, Pt.A.174 (rpr)) http//janus.state.me.us)2The 106th Congress, 2nd Session H.R.5660 was held to reauthorize and restore the CEA to promote legal certainty, enhance competition, and to reduce the systemic risks prevailing in the markets for futures and the so-called over-the-counter derivatives, and others. This peak was called The Commodity Futures Modernization A ct of 2000 The Act was to1. Reauthorize the appropriation for the Commodity Futures Trading Commission2. Streamline and come about unnecessary regulation for the commodity futures exchanges and other entities regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act3. read the role of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to oversight of the futures markets4. Provide a statutory and regulatory frame-work for allowing the craft of futures on securities5. Clarify the jurisdiction of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission over certain retail hostile exchange transactions and bucket shops that may not be otherwise regulated6. Promote novelty for futures and derivatives and to reduce systemic risk by enhancing legal certainty in the markets for certain futures and derivatives transactions7. debase systemic risk and provide greater stability to markets during times of market disorder by allowing the elucidation of transactions in over-the-counter derivatives through appropriately regulated clearing organizations, and 8. Enhance the competitive lay of United States financial institutions and financial markets. (106th Session of Congress, H.R. 5660, Dec.14th 2000, www.cftc.gov)33.0Whos whoCommodity trading advisor Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the term commodity trading advisor means any person who 1. for compensation or profit, engages in the business of advising others, either directly or through publications, writings, or electronic media, as to the abide by of or the advisability of trading in (i) Any contract of sale of a commodity for future delivery made or to be made on or

Challenging perspective on child development Essay

Challenging perspective on child ontogeny - Essay ExampleN.A.E.Y.C. stating developmentally Active Practice brought forth 12 principles of Child Development and Learning as a taper for People who work with children (Bredekamp and Copple, 1997)Development denotes maturation of functions. It is related to the maturation and myelination of the nervous system and to the acquisition of a mixed bag of skills for the optimal function of the individual.Ghai OP, Gupta P, Paul VK. 2003Growth and development is affected by factortic and environmental factors. Phenotype that is agnatic traits, Character of parents, Race, Sex, Biorhythm and maturation, genetic disorders like chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations are all genetically determined.Environmental factors-Fetus grows in the maternal uterine environment. Maternal undernutrition, anaemia, maternal tobacco consumption go to decrease growth enchantment nutritional supplements increases growth. Maternal intake of medicines like Thal idomide, antiepileptic drugs like valproate, and Rubella vaccination stooge bewilder congenital abnormalities.After birth nutritional statu... er birth nutritional status, exposure to chemicals, infections and infestations, trauma, maternal metabolic factors, social, emotional, and cultural factors all can influence the growth of the child.Behavioural Development of the child - In the postnatal life the newborn lies in a helpless manner with disorganized activity. As he grows he acquires better coordination of motor activity and reacts to his environment, with willful manner. At an anticipated age with a difference of a few months, children attain maturity of different biologic functions. This can be interpreted by capital of Colorado developmental screening tests which measures gross motor, fine motor and adaptive personal, and social and language factors. Behavioural development of the child is dependent on a variety of mutually interactive factors such(prenominal) as heredit y, biological integrity, physical, psychosocial and emotional stimuli. Prenatal maternal illness, bad obstetric history, perinatal factors, social factors, established diseases all can affect behavioural development.Thus the catch phrase Nature and Nurture for roles of heredity and environment in gracious development originated in France, back in the 13th century. Nature Theory - It is known for years that traits such as hair colour and eye colour are determined by specific genes encoded in each human cell. Proponents of Nature theory take it a step further to tell the more(prenominal) abstract traits like intelligence, personality, aggression, and sexual orientation are all encoded in an individuals DNA..1. The search for behavioural gene is the source of constant debate. 2. the most debated issue pertaining to nature theory is the occurrence of the gay gene pointing to a genetic destiny to sexual orientation. 3. An April,1998 article of LIFE Magazine

Representation of the femme fatal in sci-fi films, how has the femme Dissertation

Representation of the femme fatal in sci-fi films, how has the femme fatale changed from the 20th centaury to the 21st centaury - Dissertation Example and from literature, the femme fatale has inevitable seeped into a nonher(prenominal)wise forms of art as well. In film, for instance, the role of the femme fatale has become a recognizable soma in certain genres, even inviting variations like spoofs or parodies of it. In film, the genre of film noir has generally monopolized or been associated traditionally with the use of the femme fatale. Film noir makes room for two kinds of female archetypes the sweet, dutiful, loving and reliable women and the deceitful, mysterious, subversive and manipulative femmes fatales (Dirks, Femme Fatale, n.d.). An instance of a film where one finds both kinds is Double Indemnity (1944), where Phyllis Dietrichson, the homicidal wife who feigns sake in and plots with the insurance agent to kill her husband is the typical femme fatale while her step-daug hter Lola Dietrichson, loving, honest and helpless, represents the only other type of woman that film noir allows for. The appearance and function of the femme fatale in films has evolved over the years, and film noir is no yearner the genre that monopolizes the use of this figure. Science-fiction films have also been repeatedly invoking the figure of the femme fatale over the years to complement their other thematic concerns. How, why and where this use of the femme fatale has taken place will be evaluated in the course of this report card. What evolving roles has the femme fatale been invoked to fulfil what common patterns and departures from such patterns have occurred in their representation what universal concerns, if any, has the femme fatale stood for these are a few of the questions which this paper will seek to answer. The femme fatale must first be defined for us to be able to bring out her in different works of art. There are certain characteristics that are popularly recognized as being typical of the femme fatale. Tim Dirkss description of femmes fatales as mysterious, duplicitous, subversive, double-crossing, gorgeous, unloving, predatory, tough-sweet, unreliable, irresponsible, manipulative and desperate women (Femme Fatale, n.d.) puts in place rough of these commonly accepted associations of the femme fatale. However, there is no real consensus among either critics or moviegoers of what exactly defines the femme fatale. The term is flexible and allows for a wide range of interpretations. There can be elements of the femme fatale in some characters that do not otherwise wholly conform to the stereotype and vice versa. To begin our exploration into the role of femmes fatales in perception fiction films over the years it is instructive to first attempt providing an introduction to, if not a definition of, the femme fatale through the eyes of various critics and scholars over time. This attempt at defining femme fatale has been a long curren t process in film studies, and not often with much success. There are often integral obstacles in the act of defining itself. As critic Linda Ruth Williams declares that though most critics try to interpret a psychoanalytic or socially informed analysis of the femme fatale, what happens more often than not is succumbing to the inclination to

Learning experience of international students Essay - 3

Learning experience of transnational students - Essay ExampleThe course helps the international students to improve their English. grounds English, as a language will aid future success and sense of other courses taught and examined in English as the authenticated language. Learning of English helps the international students in acculturation and interaction with the native students and other professions within the untested environment. The socialization will positively contribute towards and group pulling towards completing and conducting a group research.The foundation course offers the international students an ample time and pose to familiarize with the new environment. Familiarization with the new locality in terms of weather conditions, social relations and the adjoin eliminates the associated frustrations that may arise (Quan, Smailes & Fraser 2013, p. 416). The frustrations may shift and deviate the international students concentrations thereby compromising quality of pedantic performance during the course work. The adverse, unfamiliar weather conditions may interfere with an international students successful pursuit of a degree program in UK. During the pursuit of the foundation courses, international students get the opportunity to adjust to the new environment. Structures and the human traffic in UK may compromise an international students academic performance in his or her degree program. Limited mastery of UK streets may failure and slower capabilities in tracing directions that will result to lateness and an eventual drop in academic performance because of the missed lectures and tutorials.The foundation courses help international students to familiarize with UK lifestyle and culture as they prepare to pursue the primary or core degree courses. Understanding the new culture and lifestyle will be beneficial in terms of interactions with the natives to offer a conducive and friendly study environment. UK lifestyle and meals are significant aspects that relate directly to an

A variety of English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

A intermixture of position - Essay Example29). In their discussion on wrangle variation Becker and Bieswanger (2006, p. 174) specify that a transmutation of English language whitethorn stem from three distinguishable components which advise be identified as 1) geographical 2) sociolects and 3) functional. As stated previously, geographic varieties are explored through the recognition of characteristics that are linked with the espousal of dialects on the basis of region.However, the notion of sociolects encompasses the critical influence of social aspects in addition with economic components as the key factors for determining the extent of language variation as it emerges as an outcome of social status, record of job or work and affiliation with groups. Accordingly, the aspect of functional varieties is linked with the selected use of language as per the existing scenario and the specific requirements of interaction with regard to the given situation (Becker and Bieswanger 200 6, p. 174). Once the basic assessment of language variation has been conducted, it is important to suggest that the concept of a standard denotes that a specific linguistic transcription is labeled as the norm in a society and thus distinguishes itself from the variation of linguistic systems which may exist in the same society.As an integral concept in the study of linguistics, the notion of variety has been incorporated into scholarly works and analysis to identify and apply the teachings of the discipline for comprehending the role of language as the most significant element of human reality and the social construct. In alignment with this view, this radical comprehensively explores the popular debate on the notion of whether the existence of language variation in English can possibly encourage the language to emerge as truly neutral means of communication and correspondence. The paper incorporates scholarly articles and sociolinguistic

Jews and Race in the United States Research Paper

Jews and Race in the joined States - Research Paper ExampleThis paper illustrates that according to the United States Supreme Court, the Jews are considered a scat. This thoughtfulness was made for the answer of establishing an anti-discrimination law, which was an important issue at that moment. They reas whizzd that when these laws were passed, people regularly spoke of the Judaic race in the same way as the Negro race, hence the legislators main purpose was to protect this idea. However, many of the Jews were offended by the decision that was made by the legislators. The idea of Jews being considered as a race brought into mind the nightmarish vision of Germany, where the Jews were considered as a race, as well as an inferior race that was supposed to be rounded up in the ghettos and like a vermin, be exterminated. When the emotional part of this issue was come in into consideration, the Jews were not considered as a race. On the other hand, race is a genetic distinction that refers to people who have shared the genetic traits and ancestry. Race is like a DNA and so it cannot be changed. In this case, an example to prove this fact is that, when an individual is an Asian, there is no way one can become a black no matter how much one wishes or desires. Jews own the Hollywood and the media in the USA. After an opinion, which took place on December 6, it was clearly shown that the Jews endure Hollywood today in the USA. Their presence in the Hollywood observes to be a historical fact. roughly for the producers and directors of the Hollywood are Jews, and that proves the fact that the Jews have taken over the Hollywood industry. In the USA, since Hollywood has the wide-ranging MONEY as some refer to it as one has to be in favorable price with the Jews since it is the Jews Agents that are in the theatre chains . One must liaise with them so that it becomes easy when you indispensableness to purchase a film story as well as signing stars into the contrac ts. In the course 1989, the Japanese Sony Corp decided not only to purchase the Columbia Pictures and the Tri-Star films, but also put the direction of the studios in charge of Jon Peters and Peter Guber, two young Jews that received the sum of half a billion plus an extra bonus. The production company owned by on Peters and Peter Guber was interchange to Sony Corp for $200 million In the case of Universal Pictures, it is 100 percent comptrollerled by Jews. The chair of MCA which is a parent company is called Lew Wassermann . The president of the same is Sidney Sheinberg and the film head is Thomas Pollack. They were behind the victor of Do the Right Thing as well as The Last Temptation of Christ, both considered as anti-white and anti-Christian films respectively. On the other hand, Jew Barry Diller, who represents Married with Children, owns Fox TV . Rev. Donald Wildmons American Family Association has condemned the broadcasting for wake sexual, profane and un-Christian plot s. Similar to the majority of Jews in media, the Jews in Hollywood lean towards secularity their film productions are introduce neither in Judaism nor in Christian principles. However, theres a misunderstanding regarding to the affirmation that the Jews control Hollywood. This is not the right phrase to use, but in essence, a lot of Jews work in Hollywood. fit to Foxman, rather than use the term control, it would be wise to conclude that in Hollywood many directors and managers happen to be Jews for instance all Paramount film studios are under the administration Jews. Moreover, Foxman stated that he is full of pride about their accomplishment. He believes that the Jews are represented in a

Addressing Inequality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Addressing dissimilitude - Essay ExampleBeing controversial issues, inequity and inequality are closely connected as inequity is the result of inequality. Inequality indicates the distribution of resources across society giving an idea of the difference amongst what rich and poor people can earn, average income, and redistribution of the countys income. Countries characterized by high levels of inequality corrobo target high levels of poorness showing the fact that the distribution and redistribution of the countrys resources are linked to the poverty issues (Inequality what is it?). One of the countries with high level of inequality is the U.S. The gap between poor and rich is the widest since 1929 and has doublight-emitting diode in 21 years. During the year (2001 and 2002) the number of poor rose by 1.7 million people. This imbalance is mostly caused by tax cuts which burden the poor more and more. There are complaints that the U.S. laws are unjust as they hurt oppression of poor people and do not provide them minimum needs. In Alabama, for example, people who support low income pay higher rate of income tax than those who are wealthy. As an example may be taken the timber industry that has the ownership for 71 percentage of the land and pays only 2 percent of the tax. The paradox is that Americans are the richest nation but with the highest poverty rate (Lampman J.). Income inequality which is also among social issues of the U.S. is positively correlated with mental illness, low life expectancy, obesity, drug use, crime and teen pregnancy. Australia is also the country which has put down the growing gap between the poor and rich. The research shows that the most vulnerable Australians have been hardest hit by rising costs for health, education, and public transport services. Pensioners, unemployed, low-income people and aged have faced the harshest rising changes in the living costs. It has also been stated that essential services are placed beyond the reach of the above-named section of the population. Education and medicine have become the services which are sometimes almost unaccessible to many people. The example may be education costs which soared 200 percent above the pompousness rate and medical services which are 180 percent above the inflation rate (Holland K., baby-walker E). Inequality in Australia is present in various spheres of life, for example, the average female wage is only 65% of the average wage of a male, and racism is strongly expressed against aboriginals. Inequality is also a quality of the polarization of income groups into poor and rich. (Social Inequality in Australia) Hungary is among the countries with low economical growth, decline in wages, and high rate of inflation that has resulted from severe measures, introduces by the government, to make changes in health, educations, and to cut back on the deficit of the government. The above mentioned measures include co-payments in the sphere of h ealth care, tuition at educational establishments. They were introduced in 2006 and caused social tension. indigence of Hungarians is an extreme case of social inequalities. The number of poor is constantly growing. Vast job losses afterwards 1990 caused rapid increase in inequalities and led to privatization and restructuring of wages and prices, and decline in the social transfers value. Declining income security has led to the number of health problems. Hungarians marry late, have few children and in most cases later in life. career expectancy is also unsatisfactory as citizens live sorter than it would be expected taking into account economic development indicators. One more problem which results from inequality is high death rate especially among real social groups of people. Hungary is the country for which such social problems

Illinois v. Wardlow 528 U.S.119 (Case law) Research Paper

Illinois v. Wardlow 528 U.S.119 (Case law) - Research Paper ExampleThey name a hand gaseous state from him and later o arrest him for further enquiry. When the racing shell was presented in the Illinois Trial court, Wardlaws motion in that empyrean was denied to suppress by the court and they also gave the judgment as the gun was found during a legal stop and search operation. But state Appellate Court prohibit the decision stating that there was not enough evidence of doubt for Nolan to stop and search Wardlaw. Latter on Supreme Court stated the fact that sudden movement or flight in a high umbrage zone could not be a reason to suspect and stop-search an individual as the movement bathroom be treated like right to go on ones way. But as the suspect tried to flight from the place because the further investigating can be carry on. (Legal Information Institute, 2000). The Fourth Amendment of US law did support the action of the patrol office. According to Ferguson & Bernache ( 2008), under the guidelines of the Supreme Court, lower court while giving any decision can consider an area as high crime area as a factor to look backward the reasonableness of Fourth Amendment stop. But the definition of high crime area was not mentioned by the highest court, and therefore a lot of controversies were there during Illinois v Wardlaw case. After this incident, the need of defining high crime area was understood. According to them, high crime area could be defined based on three diametric parameters, such as the area have to be marked by high degree of particularised criminal activities, the geographical boundary of that area have to be specified and thirdly the assigned jurisprudence officer adjacent to that specific area should have knowledge about the boundary of the high crime area (Ferguson & Bernach, 2008, p.1586). According to Amar (1994), the Fourth amendment always calls for warrants and probable cause for any kind of police searches and excision of veh icle obtained illegally from any individual or group of people (Amar, 1994, p.757). Carmen and Walker(2011), in their writing presented this case with analysis as how the fourth amendment was imposed on Wardlaw by the two police officer and whether it was excusable or not. According to the

Goal Seek and Solver Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

stopping point Seek and convergent thinker - Essay ExampleThe miles per hour are constant, and Excel is goal seeking to determine the bout of miles traveled.A data table is a collection of cadres that display how changing certain value in worksheet locutions affects the turn out of those applied formulas. Data tables provide a shortcut for calculating multiple versions in peerless operation, and a way to view and compare the results of all of the unlike variations together on ones worksheet. development the bicycle modeling again, one could create a table that summarizes the number of miles traveled at different speeds and different elapsed minutes traveled.Excel raise indite a set of values and substitute them automatically in a worksheet to allow one to forecast the outcome of a worksheet model. One can create and save different scenarios on a worksheet, and then switch to any of these scenarios to view different results. For the bicycle example, one could switch betwee n two or more different number of miles traveled using combinations of different speeds and elapsed minutes traveled.Using solver, one can find an optimal value for a formula in a pose worksheet cell. Solver works with a group of cells related to a target cells formula (Paul 2005, p. xix). Solver changes the values of adjustable cells to produce the desired results one specifies in the target cell formula. One can also apply upper, lower, and exact constraints to restrict the values Solver can deal from to adjust the cells. Using the bicycle example again, one could determine the least and greatest possible number of miles traveled at a given speed and distance.Heres a summary of when one would use separately of these toolsUse Goal seeker when one wants to find the correct single input value to secure the desired single output value. Use Solver to find the best solution to problems that revolve slightly the manipulation of several changing cells, variables, and constraints (Pau l 2005, p. xx). The productivity of electricality is causing profit deterioration. Is electricity being expend Or is it due to a change in manufacturing process Is it possible to cut down the electric consumption without affecting the production If so, what should be the electricity consumption for it not to affect profitableness negatively The answers to some of these questions can be determined by using the Goal Seeker and the Solver features of Excel. Goal Seeker and Solver features are found in the Tools means of Microsoft Excel. Goal Seeker is the opposite of What-if analysis. Using Goal seeker, we begin with the target value in a dependent cell and determine the pressman value in the independent cell upon which the target cell is dependent. Goal seeker and solver can change independent cell values, but only Solver can change a picture of cells and accept constraints, making it a powerful feature. It can also be used to solve daedal optimization problem such as linear pro gramming and integer programming problems. Following is a description of finding answers to some of the questions aboveWhat should be the electricity consumption for it not to affect profitability negatively As shown in figure 2, the company is losing $748 because it is currently using 48,000 kWh of electricity. To reduce this loss to zero, go to Tools menu and choose Goal Seeker, and set cell Q15 (profitability of total energy) to zero, by changing

Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Music - Essay ExampleThe written part of music were created for Bennetts stunning ensemble called Decibel. The work was inspired by paintings of Marcel Dzama, a Canadian painter. The chosen composition is the first part of the album it virtually opens Dzama stories.Vagabonds and Blood from the Earth is surely a powerful composition for the album opening (in combination with the calm intro). Here, like in the rest of the album, Bennett created a powerful and balanced interplay of structural written music fragments and immediate striking improvisation. Then, the sharp edge mingled with calm fragment of the introduction and blitzkriegs of turbulence, throbbing and thumping in turn (Graham) seems to be rather in advance(p) and daring, and the composition is significant as a part of Bennetts sound representation (or reading) of Dzamas works. To my thinking, the composition is virtually overwhelming in terms of emotional charge, and even thrilling (due to piercing string and sharp dram atic transitions between calm and intense parts). In the moments of intensification (when strings reach especially luxuriously pitches and the entire composition becomes chaotic to some extent), this piece could even be associated with a horror cinema or a thriller. However, despite my deep respect towards the talent and creativity of this composer, this piece evokes rather interdict and turbulent emotions in me anxiety and some intangible

Marketing Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Marketing Management - Assignment Exampletheless, applying a elemental entirely effective strategy before facing a competitor usu tout ensembley gives businesses first afford prefer even before the real battle startsFrom the story of the warrior and the lion, I have learned that victory is not always for the strongest. All that integrity needs is to spot a target, stand at a safe distance and make the attack. In relation to business and competition, we can say that it is not requisite that we use lots energy in fighting our competitors in contrast, we should develop effective strategies that can befriend finish the competitors at only one strike. The only thing that marketer should ensure a improve marketing strategy.Moreover, competition is important because it leads to improved quality product and better services. This is due to the f influence that all the business volition be competing to remain relevant and not to made exit. It also protects the public cosmos manipula ted with sole businesspersons who have selfish stakes. As a result, both the economy and the quality of product will continue to improve making business more effective and efficient (Viardot 70).Conclusively, applying a simple but effective strategy before facing a competitor usually gives businesses first hand advantage even before the real battle starts. From the short story of the lion and the warrior, we can conclude that one does not need to apply a lot of energy but just use evasive action that can paralyses competitor (Viardot 40). Therefore, for continued existence of a business, it must ensure that it develops effective strategies that can act as shortcuts and tam their

Art Movements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art Movements - Essay ExampleHan dynasty is one of the most prestigious dynasties in China. Confucianism and Daoism became official religions during this era. Confucian and Daoist teachings of immortality and nobility and uprightness of the human soul influenced artists during the Han dynasty to predominantly paint human figures and scenes of daily social life. venereal disease artists view art as a re exhibitation of the essence, the eternal qualities of an disapprove. This is already existent even in front the artist arrives. His job therefore is to suggest by the simplest possible means the inherent nature of an esthetical object. The economy of means is important to convey the purity and simplicity of the eternal nature of an object. His aim is not to create an illusion of reality, as what western artist does, but rather to produce something that makes one think beyond reality towards the essence of reality. Though seemingly simple, creating the abstract representation of th e innate essence of the object requires time and patience. After the comprehending the essence of an object, an artist can effortlessly and spontaneously paint his masterpiece. Stupas represent the Buddhistic belief that they can also achieve the enlightenment that Buddha achieved in his lifetime. The monument which is composed of parts represents the elements that would result to enlightenment, is an edifice that would make Buddhist connected with their goal of enlightenment. Art, in this case, is a tool to remember the religious aims and purpose of man. Set B1.) Modernism is an art trend that stresses the power of human beings to create, improve, and reshape their environment, with the advocate of scientific knowledge, technology and practical experimentation. Many of the previous movements had failed to realize their goals. Painters of the 19th century believed that art should present images that contain and reflect moral and ethical values for others to emulate (Witcombe). H owever as scientific breakthroughs provided a possibility of debunking conservative values, a new, progressive world order emerged. From Neoclassicism, Romanticism, and Realism all of which visualized life as it is, Modern art, focusing on possibilities, emerged.2.) Most of the American painters during the 19th century were skilled and worked in European countries. The

Multi-Perspective Approach to Understanding Organization Essay Example for Free

Multi-Perspective Approach to Understanding Organization EssayWhat ar the advantages and disadvantages of a multi- prospect approach to see to iting organization? In answering the question you give acquire to engage with the personality of the various perspectives and how they enable and limit our cause of organization. There are divers(prenominal) ways in how mountain produce different acquaintance and thus many people have come out with their aver concepts and theories. This results in multiple perspectives that help to generate idea nigh different organization and organizing. The more knowledge of multiple perspectives, concepts and theories, the greater get out be your capacity to choose a better approach with regards to the problems approach in your current company. Multi perspective is created as belief, assumptions and knowledge of the world influence how lookers carry out their research and manage their organization. What you do is to assume which approach does best for your industries and organization and for that you design and amend accordingly to be the best way to of optimizing man power and profit.The benefits of a multi-perspective approach would be (cited from page 11) multiple perspectives will as well help organization embrace complexity and uncertainty and their contradictory demands. Managers and employees now are anticipate to do more with less, to maximize both short term gain and long term investment, and be more efficient as well as more humane and ethical. By confronting such a variety of contradictory forces demands the broadest set of concept and theories that your mind can grasp. Secondly, people raised question to the highest degree the nature of ethical action and managers face when trying to act in socially and organization responsible ways. The advantages of using multiple perspective helps people aware of the assumption and values key your theory and practices, which in turn should make you more conscious of your reason for doing things and better able to understand the reason behind the action taken by others. Being able to reflect on your proclaim reasoning process and compare them you will develop ethical awareness.Thirdly, if you learn about multiple perspective, you will be able to understand how different perspectives influence the way you and others experience by interpreting and configuration organization actualities. You will become a more effective member of any organization to join. allow me evaluate with the two important philosophical choices of ontology and epistemology. Ontology concerns our assumtion about reality which you dont question whether all this things are real or have an existence undependent because of you (cited from pg12) pjilosphers sometimes refers to these as existential question because they attribute existence to bingle set of things(reality) but not to another (unreal). Which means that you carry out task upon your own perspective only, while y ou disregard other perspective.The disadvantages will be it will lead to arguments between those who maintain different perspectives and cause them to set up seperate and conflicting mates. This is a major concerns as people have been endlessly living in their own world and never care of other peoples feeling which causes conflict virtually their organization and families. People experience different things as what they do everyday or even their personalities are different from other peoople we call this term subjectivist. Whereas Objectivist is different, theybelieve that what reality exist independently of those who lives in it, people likewise reacted to what is happening around them in predictable ways because their conduct is part of the material world in which they live is projectd by causes (cited from page 12). Example, if you are hoping to own a european car and the behaviour in which you have to work hard to pay for it is determined by wanting to own the car.Epistemolo gy whereas is have-to doe with with knowing how you can know. Epistemology is closely related to ontology because the anwsers to there questions depend on and help to forge assumptions about the nature of reality. This two damage determined the three major multiple perspective approach to understanding organisation. Usually the three multiple perspectives can be comparable using these two variables ontology and epistemology. Modernism is normally objectivism, you must limit commit to limiting what you count as knowledge to what you can know finished your quint senses. Results can be taken again if steps of the procedure is followed again using the five senses and the respective sense-enhancing devices. Modernist organization theorist also believes that if they can get whole of the complete knowledge by understanding how and why organisations function the way they do and how their function is influence by different surroundings conditions.Therefore to get a modernist perspective effective organisation is to being able to balace internal and outside(a) pressures, develop core competencies, increase efficiency and versertile to changes. The theories that influence modernist are general system theory, socio-technical systems theory and hap theory. General system theory is to understand and grasp the concept of system and it characteristics of the company, which it can also reciprocally interrelated into parts called subsystem for easier understanding of severally process. By using differentiation it provides the system with the benefits of specialization. To put into simpler terms a organisation if want to use the general system theory, that means that they will divide the units and departments and each department with the benefits of specialization.For socio-technical theory, they focus on a number of humanistic issues, by treating organisation as a social system, the social and psychological consequence of work design, the importance of the work group com pared to the individual and the need for a division of labour that considers increasing rather than decreasing the variety of work skills and task. Socio-technical theory also suggest that self-managed teams should be the building blocks of organizational design and that could lessen the need for hierarchy defecate of organisation. Whereas for casualty theory, theorist will try to identify the key contingencies in each situation and try to determine the best fits between them, this theory have remain very popular among companies because they take seductive form of recipes for success.

International Debt Essay Example for Free

International Debt Essaya) What is meant by the problem of world-wide debt? (6 marks)b) Discuss the main policies that a boorish can use to reduce the problem of international indebtedness (i) in the short strike and (ii) in the long run (7 marks + 7 marks)a) The Balance of Payment flier shows all monetary proceeding between our body politic and the rest of the world over a period of time. It is made up of the on-line(prenominal) account (trade in goods and services), capital account (Investments, Saving, Borrowing) and the balancing item, which represents the total of all errors and omissions from the above values, which are estimates. When a rustic spends more than it earns i.e. it imports more than it exports (Current account), or it saves and invests more abroad than other countries save and invest in that country (Capital account), it is said that the country has a current account deficit and a capital account deficit respectively. The country facing a BOP deficit must take actions to rectify it. It unremarkably acquires money from other countries or international financial institutions. The accumulation of debt from loaning from abroad because of a occur BOP deficit is known as international debt.International debt developed into a problem for many a(prenominal) developing countries, Third world countries, which are the poorer countries of the world. These are countries in Africa, Asia and South America and they represent the largest grouping of countries in the world both in area and population, but the lowest in income and wealth. The cause of the international debt in LDCs is their chronic balance of payments problems. They owe huge sums of money and they need to pay large sums in interest. As a military issue, in the world as a whole, there is a net counterchange of funds from the poor countries to the rich.b) i) The Balance of Payment account shows all monetary transactions between our country and the rest of the world over a pe riod of time. When a country spends more than it earns i.e. it imports more than it exports (Current account), or it saves and invests more abroad than other countries save and invest in that country (Capital account), it is said that the country has a current account deficit and a capital account deficit respectively. The government of a country may take actions to rectify this deficit.In the short run a country can borrow from financial institutions and other countries to place its Balance of Payments deficit. An alternative would be to use its reserves (Gold and foreign currencies) to recompense its deficit. These are temporary ways to correct the deficit and do not fight the source of the problem, they do not stop it from occurring the following year.ii) In the long run the country can take actions that would take place the problem that cause the BOP deficit. A country can use many different policies to correct and reverse the deficit.If the government increases taxes and, or , decreases public expenditure, there volition be less(prenominal) money circulating in the economy and the aggregate charter would decrease. People leave nurse less money to spend on imports, imports would decrease and the BOP deficit will be corrects. Nevertheless, a decrease in aggregate demand also affects the domestic industries. Less of their products would be demanded, they will produce less and as a result they will cause unemployment.The government can also decide to increase interest rates. This will eviscerate inflows of Hot money (Short term investments of large sums of money that investors move from country to country in chase for the best interest rates) into the country correcting the BOP deficit. The downside of this will be that the high interest rates will make borrowing more expensive and as a result consumers will borrow less for consumption and firms less for investment.Protectionism policies may be applied. These are policies to prevent trade between coun tries and decrease imports so that the BOP deficit is corrected. Unfortunately some protectionist policies much(prenominal) as import tariffs or imports quotas are usually not in the disposal of countries members of custom unions such as the European Union.A devaluation in the countrys up-to-dateness will lower its value and make the countrys exports cheaper for foreign countries to buy and at the same time the imports into that country will be more expensive. As a result exports will increase and impost will decrease, thus the BOP deficit will be corrected. This is not possible for members of the ERM of the EU.In the long run a country may decide to improve the competitiveness of its Industries through supply side measures such as regional policies. Nevertheless, these policies are very time consuming and will take a muddle of time to work.The country can also demand through the IMF a debt rescheduling and or new loans. This involves impenetrable the interest rates on existing loans, lengthening the repayment period and, or, canceling part of the debts. The IMF can propose additional loans or arrange so that financial institutions do it, with a guarantee from the IMF. In launch for the IMF to do these it sets certain conditions and structural adjustment programmes that the country must follow.These conditions and programmes involve most of the policies discussed above. A further, constitution would be to encourage commercial message banks to finance private sector festering. If governments spend too much they have a budget deficit and their income is less than their expenditure. This deficit is financed by borrowing large amounts from commercial banks and as a result not many funds are left to lend to the private sector. The IMF wants commercial banks to lend more money to the private sector, which is expected to make better use of the funds for development projects.

Confidence and Arrogance Essay Example for Free

Confidence and Arrogance Essay demeanor for both sexes and I nerveed at them, shouldering their musical mode along the pavement is arduous, difficult, a perpetual struggle. It calls for gigantic endurance and strength. More than anything, perhaps, creatures of illusion as we be, it calls for confidence in oneself. Without self-confidence we are as babes in the cradle. - Virginia Wolf, A room of ones own, chapter 2 (1929). I was going through the writing of Virginia wolf go away night and I realized how practically relevant these phrases are. I engrossed myself into my abilities and the struggle I do everyday to push myself towards the invisible boundaries. This is something make me explore more on my own way.I am determined not to look through books or dictionaries which can but define these words barely I am feeling an urge to define from my surrounding. Within my experiences what are those mental-images and facts that I can subsume to confidence and assumption. Fro m corporate world to academics, we encountered various situations and people around them responded to these in a variety of distinct ways. I believe we would be able to develop a marathon debate on this topic. It would be better to cut the long story into short. One of those controversial misunderstanding, I would love to introduce here.The known astronomer and philosopher Galileo was ofttimes considered as positive while he was opposing Pope and geocentric ideas. The arrogant ideas of him put him into the daylight and the truth came out of superstitions that already had been embedded on peoples minds. If we look around we would be able to spot so many examples of how arrogance and confidence are often misunderstood. Someone said earlier that confidence is arrogance under control. But distinct characteristics can be differentiated within these two separate categories of people. Confident persons dwell within a sea of tranquility. They are aware of their limitations and strengths. They deal with the situation seizing an immense positivity and work hard enough to heighten result. These types of people can be easy to cooperate with.Confident guys would not be baffled by criticisms and what other(a) people think about them. Arrogant are those who are having overbearing pride and judgement in him. They treat others as inferiors and often people get annoyed by these activities. They can only value themselves by putting others down. I think confessing truth or mistake is a real sign of confidence. But arrogance people most likely to hide their own mistake and they depart accuse others for any blunders. We as a human being more civilized than any other life forms. Our superior intelligence is not only giving us freedom to make a comfortable world for us but also to become more responsible than before. Confidence and arrogance of human civilization can be used as a positive and fruitful way for a more harmonized world.

Discussing Honour in Henry IV Essay Example for Free

Discussing Honour in Henry IV Essay at that place ar differing concepts of detect through come to the fore the play of Henry IV shown by different characters. There are two characters that depict extremes on each end of the scale, Hotspur (Henry Percy) and Falstaff. This essay will demonstrate the different types of opinions towards what esteem is from each character and in addition give a comparison with examples for each. Hostpur, or Henry Percy, is the son of Northumberland and is a very fiery character with a short temperament and who is quick to jump to conclusions. His whim of sinlessness lies purely on the strifefield and he believes that the only possible room observe outhouse be measured is with the amount of battles won and opponents conquered. He certainly believes himself to be more than honourable than any human race and this may explain two things. Firstly it will explain his confidence about his fighting and war machine knowledge as well as his concep t that his idea is always the right one. Secondly it may also explain his rudeness, brashness and several(prenominal)times complete disrespect when addressing others, especially those in royalty.He gives a good speech communication when talking to Worcester and Northumberland about his honour and how he has claimed it. By heaven, methinks it were an easy leap To roll up bright honour from the ghastly faced moon, Or dive into the bottom of the deep, Where fathom specify could never touch the ground, And rive up drowned honour by the locks, So that he doth redeem her thence might wear, Without corrival, all her dignities. (209-15, I, iii) This is a cracking speech that clearly shows two things. Firstly it shows his disrespect when addressing others and his arrogance that comes with it.More importantly it shows that he believes honour can only be earned by doing an act of some kind of bravery. He gives an example of such a deed in the lines To pluck bright honour from a pale face d moon and also dive into the bottom of the deep. He is stating that in situations where there is a task or where conditions are hard it takes an exceptional kind of man to go into these situations, conquer them and come out with respect and honour. The action of coming from such a situation with honour is depicted in the line pluck up drowned honour by the locks, so that he doth redeem her thence might wear.He is giving an analogy for two things first the kind of situation at which bravery and courage is infallible and secondly the kind of person that will go into that situation and come out earning respect and honour. As he refers to these conditions as creation battles he is clearly showing that only a man that can use the s word with skill is worthy of being honourable. Another quote from Hotspur underlines the fact that he feels honour can only be taken from situations where there is danger and risk. Send danger from the east unto the west,So honour cross it from the north t o south, And let them grapple O, the blood more stirs To rouse a king of beasts than to start a hare (203-6, I, iii) This shows once again the conflict between two sides, this time denoted by positions on the compass, meeting and he feels there is more honour to be won with a great battle than a smaller one. Hence why he states the blood more stirs to rouse a lion than to start a hare This again shows exactly how Hotspur feels about honour and the way in which it can be won.Another person who can be compared to being like Hotspur in this way is Douglas. He, just before the battle in the rebel camp, goes to the allies camp and gives them a call for battle as such by defying them in a ploy to start the confrontation. Finally, when Hotspur has fought Prince Hal and is dying, he states that he is more mortified and distraught about losing the titles and honour to his slayer than he is about dying in the sensual sense. I better brook the loss of brittle life Than those proud titles th ou hast won of me.They transgress my thoughts worse than they sword my flesh. (78-80, V, vi) This shows that Hotspur has little respect for Hal as he is more hurt by losing the titles and honour he has won to someone of his nature than dying in itself. Hotspur is so self-contained in the idea of honour that he truly feels great pain in losing a battle to Hal, who he considers not to be as worthy as himself. This shows that although Hotspur has a very hard and manly idea of honour, it is not for attraction and he actually believes in what he says and fights for.He can almost be pitied for being so brave as his courage could sometimes be foolhardy. However, it would be interesting to ask Hotspur himself that why, as he considered himself so honourable, he chose to oppose the king, because that in itself is a crime against the country in imposture and those that commit treason are punishable by the worst penalties and could be deemed as the people with the low amount of honour and m ost amount of shame. In a complete contrast, Falstaff, a drunken stumblebum and thief, is on the other end of the range.He shows complete distaste and is dishonourable in his ways. He condemns the word of honour in his soliloquy at the end of Act V scene i. To summarise his speech he states that honour cannot heal a wound, nor pay back for a dismembered limb and is simply a word that carries no weight for the living nor the dead. He therefore disassociates himself from the concept and seems to do so with some pride and belief. This small but quite hard-hitting speech can account for his ways end-to-end his life.He lies continually, exaggerates stories to boast to his friends and is even caught out in his ways when Hal tricks him after he has robbed some people. on the whole these acts and his way of life does not compare to perhaps his lowest and dirtiest manipulation of the situation when he acclaims responsibleness for slaying Hotspur. Before this incident, when Hal and Hotspu r are fighting, Douglas comes in and fights Falstaff. He falls down and pretends to play dead, which is a suffering piece of behaviour in itself that shows nothing but cowardice and lack of self-esteem and morale as well as a lack of honour.This leaves Douglas to go elsewhere and the Prince (Hal) and Hotspur to fight. Once Hostpur has died Hal goes off to find the tabby and show him what he has finally done, Falstaff arises and when the King returns he claims to have battled Hotspur after the Prince had gone and it was he himself who had killed the man. This is the crest of ignorance and dishonour. It shows what a coward and scheming kind of person Falstaff really is and does a huge injustice to Prince Hal. It shows he is also a liar. His statement to the king reads

State Versus Federal Power to Regulate Immigration Essay Example for Free

State Versus federal official Power to Regulate Immigration renderAccording to the U. S. Census Bureau, the foreign-born population in the United States tripled in the past four decades and shortly totals about 37 million, or nearly 12 percent of the total population. What authority do affirms get hold of with respect to in-migration matters? For decades, the provide to regulate immigration has been considered a federal power. However, in recent geezerhood Congress added a new provision that allows local law enforcement to directly enforce immigration regulations through with(predicate) the United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). This provision is the Immigration and Nationality Act, and it is our basic federal immigration law. Causing legion(predicate) debates amongst community members, immigration has created a sense of an overwhelming presence of new lifestyles, cultures and ethnicity groups throughout America. The large act of new immigrants to this c ountry creates a lifestyle that does not fit well with the once dominant group.In many cases, residents seem to be lobbying for stricter laws and enforcement. Alabama and Arizonas immigration laws provide the framework for examining state power. With the Supreme Court ruling for over a century that federal government has the ultimate power of ruling immigration, they have ruled that any state or local law that attempts to regulate immigration is in violation of the Supremacy clause of the U. S.Constitution and is preempted by federal law. (Guizar, 2007)I have ready that those powers are based on the Commerce Clause, Naturalization Clause, Migration and Importation Clause and the War Power Clause of Article I of the US Constitution. Sejal Zota, the author of Do State and Local Immigration Laws Violate Federal Law? , states that there is no general answer for this question, for the analysis varies across different areas of regulation.Her article provides a general framework to dete rmine whether state and local laws relating to public benefits, housing, and employment may be preempted by federal law. Also, she touches on the topic of civil rights laws that may be violated by laws establishing English as the official language of our country and free speech. With a hope for future cases concerning regulation of immigrant housing and employment, we volition not truly know the answer to the largely questioned thought, and hopefully what is to come to the future will loan clearer direction.

Sample Questions and Answers Essay Example for Free

Sample Questions and Answers EssayThis is tricky not to waffle or let unrelated information. You need to aim to address your cap force, commitment and cultural fit, here is a pattern answer Good morning, my name is James Smith.* I am a qualified accountant with cardinal years post qualified experience gained within the pharmaceutical persistence. I hited with Glaxo Smith Klein* as an jockstrap accountant and I name spent the past 4 years working with Pfizer* where my most recent role was as project accountant. I managed the project finance team of 8 staff and Im proud to say that I recently implemented a new financial worry system saving the company over 500,000 in year one. I have got a written report for my attention to detail and delivering within strict deadlines and enjoy working with financial data. Going forward I hope to work in a challenging finance role within the same industry and your organization is one in which I believe I could settle down and make a re al contribution.How long have you been flavor for a billet .The referenceer may be concerned that on that point is something wrong with you that other employers have picked up on here is a sample answer subsequently I was made redundant from my utmost job, I took the opportunity to take some meter divulge to examine my c areer goals and where I was going with my life. I have just begun my search in the run few weeks. I have a definite goal in mind and have been discriminating rough the positions I consider. Your company and this position are of great interest to me.How did you prepare for this job query .The interviewer is gauging if you are interested enough to do some investigate or are you going to go it.Here is a sample answerWhen I was told about this position by Hamlin Knight I was immediately interested. I checked out the company website and mission statement, looked at the bios of company founders and executives and was impressed. Once I had the interview appoi ntment I looked at some industry press and Im certainly Ill find out a lot more in todays meeting.What is your hire expectation for this job .The interviewer is exhausting to find out if they wad afford you, or if they stomach accept you for less than bud demanded.Here is a sample answerIll need more information about the job and the responsibilities involved before we can begin to discuss salary. Can you give me an idea of the prune budgeted for this position?How do you keep current and informed about your job and the industries that you have worked in ..The interviewer is trying to ascertain if once you get the job you will continue to learn and grow, stay challenged and motivated. Here is a sample answer I pride myself on my ability to stay on top of what is hap in my industry. I do a lot of reading the business section of the newspapers and industry magazines. I belong to a couple of professional organizations and network with colleagues from these. I take seminars or t raining whenever they are of interest or offer new information or technology.Tell me about a time when you had to plan and coordinate a project from start to finish .This is a behavioural questions, your interviewer is trying to anticipate an example of specific past behaviour.Here is a sample answerI headed up a project which involved customer service personnel and technicians. I organized a meeting to get everyone together to brainstorm and get their input. From this meeting I drew up a plan, taking the vanquish of the ideas. I organized teams, balancing the mixture of technical and non-technical people. We had a deadline to meet, so I did periodic checks with the teams, aft(prenominal) 3 weeks we were exceeding expectations and were able to begin implementation of the plan. It was a great team effort and a big success. I was commended by management for my leadership, but I was most proud of the team nub and cooperation which it took to pull it off.What signifiers of people d o you have difficulties working with . Your interviewer is trying to see if you are flexible and can work in a diverse environment.Here is a sample answerIn my last 3 roles I have worked with men and women from very diverse backgrounds and cultures. The only time I had difficulty was with people who were dishonest about work issues. I worked with one woman who was taking credit for work that her team accomplished. I had an opportunity to talk with her one day and explained how she was affecting morale. She became very upset that others sawing machine her that way and said she was unaware of her behaviour or the reactions of others. Her behaviour changed after our talk. What I learnt from that experience is that sometimes what we perceive about others is not always the case if we check it out.We expect managers to work more than 8 hours a day, do you have a bother with that .The interviewer is trying to see if you are a workaholic or a person that requires balance.Here is a sample answerI have no problem working long hours. I have worked 12 or 14 hour days. What I have found works for me is to work smarter, not necessarily longer. My goal is to get the job done, whatever it takes, in the most efficient manner.When have you been most satisfied in your career .The interviewer is trying to ascertain what motivates/de-motivates you.Here is a sample answerThe job before the one I am currently at was my most rewarding experience for me. I worked in a wonderful team environment. There was a lot of camaraderie. I worked with a team of four people and we did some really original thinking. It is that kind of environment that I want to be involved in again.Why do you want this job .The interviewer is trying to see if you are using a shotgun approach to your job search or do you really know what you want.Here is a sample answerIve been very metrical about the companies where I have applied. When Hamlin Knight told me about this position, I knew I had found what I was l ooking for. What I can bring to this job is my 7 years of experience and knowledge of the industry, plus my ability to communicate and build customerrelationships. That, along with my flexibility and organizational skills makes me a perfect match for this position. I see some challenges ahead of me here and thats what I thrive on. I have what you need, you have what I want.We are ready to make an offer, are you ready to accept today . Your interviewer doesnt want you to go away and change your mind.Here is a sample answerBased on my research and the information I have gathered during the interview process, I feel I am in a position to consider an offer. I do, however, have a personal policy that I give myself at least 24 hours to make major life decisions. I could let you know by tomorrow.There is no way to accurately predict the questions that you will be asked by an interviewer, but you can be ready and prepared by thinking about the factors that might concern an employer before t he interview

Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet EssayThe Montagues and the Capulets atomic number 18 too holding a animosity for one another for very pointless reason. Now a days people entirely around the world hold grudges on people for very minor things. This is why Shakespeare is still pertinent to today. Shakespeares idea on love in Romeo and Juliet relates a lot to todays point of bring in on love. Romeo and Juliet know their families hate each other and disobey they parents just to see one another. This also relates to the 2002 movie Bend it like Beckham. Jesminder disobeys her parents and continues to do what she loves which is to play soccer.This is similar to Romeo and Juliet because the star-crossed lovers and Jesminder continue to disobey their parents. These just manifest that Shakespeares plays are still relevant to today because Bend it like Beckham is a movie of this time flowing meaning Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet influenced it. Loyalty is an important theme in Romeo and Juliet . Loyalty is displayed when Mercutio (Romeos best friend) to a blow for Romeo. Loyalty is still a very important aspect to today, as friends and family would do anything to moderate one another alive. A great example of loyalty is John Marsdens novel tomorrow When the War Began.In the part where Lee was shot in the leg, Robyn couldve left Lee to die and remedy her own life instead she helped lee. Robyn put her life on the line to save a friend. This is a great example of loyalty as it targets the young children of this generation. Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet is still relevant to today. To conclude, Shakespeares plays are still relevant today because they deal with issues and themes that are still relevant today. Shakespeare has used Pointless fights and grudges, passionateness and loyalty as main points in his play Romeo and Juliet and all these ideas transcends across time.

Comparison Piece Essay Example for Free

Comparison Piece EssayThe discussion herein compares twain stories which are The Odyssey and Much Ado About Nothing. The comparison shall take a look at unrivaled theme that is similar in twain stories and will explain how the theme has been brought out in both stories. The theme selected is that Women are Powerful. In both stories, it is very clear that women are powerful. The power that is referred to herein is non physical but rather emotional. The power that women have over men makes them make mistakes some of which twist out to be costly. In Much Ado About Nothing, the main female character fighter seems to be at the center of all the controversy that goes on throughout the explanation. Claudio who had earned recognition by his army leader Don Pedro in the last couple of battles has his eyes on the daughter of the regulator of Messina, Leonato. Don Pedro, however, offered to woo Hero on behalf of Claudio (Shakespeare, p. 32). One cannot help the great efforts that the men in this story have put for the sake of women. Don John, the bastard brother Don Pedro makes Claudio believe that Don Pedro is in fact wooing Hero form himself and not for Claudio as agreed (Shakespeare, p. 24)In The Odyssey, Odyssey is believed to be dead(a) after he failed to return from war. His wife genus Penelope has attracted many suitors all of who are interested. They all believe to get a chance to court even if she has made it clear that she does not want to hook up with (Parks, p. 28). They are all patient and they are hoping that Penelope is going to change her and consider one of them. When Penelope is asked by the many suitors why she will not give them consideration and yet her husband is already, she argues that she needfully to complete funeral arrangements (Lister, p. 14). They still wait even if the funeral arrangements do not seem to come to an end.

Three Ways That Cigarette Ads Hook Kids Essay Example for Free

Three Ways That can Ads Hook Kids EssayCigarette smoking is prevalent among kids and teens. Tobacco companies invest billions of dollars every year to depict children and teens to make use of tobacco. They target children in their advertisements to get them addicted on fags at an early age. The cigarette companies use many tactics to engage youth advertising through popular medias such as magazines, goggle box receiver and websites, by creating scenarios that relate to kids and by using youth-targeted flavors in their tobacco.Cigarette smoking in the movies and on television is portrayed as thrilling, fun, sexy and trendy. When smoking is viewed as normal, children tend to adopt the lifestyle. Recent marketing campaigns for cigarettes seem to have attracted the interest of teens. The ads which are featured in magazines such as, Cosmopolitan, Vogue and Glamour were a butt against with girls in their early teens. Special promotional giveaways such as berry-flavored lip balm , purses, cell phone, and wristbands to lure them. Secondly, cigarette advertisement creates scenarios that relate to kids. For young girls, they have beautiful women making girls think if they smoke they will be beautiful.Likewise, they make boys think if they smoke they will get beautiful girls. The people in the ads are reposeful and having a good time. They seem to be confident and popular. These are things children and teens want. Children assume that smoking will succor them get these things. Finallytobacco companies use pictures or candy, and fruit-flavored cigarettes to appeal to youth. These sweet flavorings make the tobacco savor better to children making them easy target for early addiction.The strategies employed by tobacco companies through in effect(p) advertising are working. Kids are particularly vulnerable to the highly addictive nature of tobacco.

Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults Essay Example for Free

Communication and professional relationships with pincerren, puppylike plenty and adults Es translateExplain how you use effective colloquy in developing po razzive relationships with nestlingren, minorly spate and adults. Why is this classic? 1. 1 In developing positive degree relationships we use effective discourse in several ways. We use it to help oneself us erupt understand a event or soul which fag end help to determine our approach when engaging with them. build trust and compliancy. If individuals scent comfortable snuff it with us and regain they can approach us at both time on each subject, they be to a greater extent(prenominal) likely to co-operate and look favourably on any suggestions made. make that we c atomic number 18 roughly the welfare and future of an individual and allow for do our best to aid in their success escort that all parties are agreed upon the same goal, making sure that everyone is clear about the final luff and h ow it pull up stakes be achieved. build and say a positive working environment where creativity and acquirement can flourish. It is important to do this because poor communication can lead to misunderstandings, lack of trust and conflict. Without a positive relationship you are unlikely to gain backing and co-operation and find it challenging to achieve a good outcome from any daub.Explain the principles of relationship building with tykeren, young batch and adults 1. 2 When essay to develop positive relationships there are several principles to follow. Firstly effective communication is essential. You must be clear in what you say and ensure you put up been understood correctly. At the end of a communication you can reiterate your key points and if prerequisite limn responsibilities and actions. Also be sure to use lecture get to the mortal with whom you are communicating. When speaking with young youngsterren keep key points to a minimum and collect them to repeat what you deplete said.Secondly, take time to listen to others and try to understand their point of view. Use lively listening techniques to show that you are kindle in what they are saying and respond appropriately. Also concur sure that, if you tell someone you go out get back to them, you do get back to them. This will help engender a sense of trust and deference. It is also essential that you show respect for the person with whom you are communicating. Remember their name and elaborate of how they like to be addressed and issues which are personal to them.Recalling details of their lives adds to the feeling that you are genuinely interested in them and their welfare. When communicating be sure to acknowledge the individual. take on any religious and cultural beliefs and show that you value these differences. Be considerate of the persons situation trying to understand and accommodate any issues which whitethorn influence their feelings, actions and responses. Finally, st op positive and stay a sense of humour. Laughter is a good way to break the ice and relieve tension in a stressful situation.Explain how different social, professional and cultural contexts may affect relationships and the way populate give notice (of) 1. 3 There are several ways in which social, professional and cultural contexts may affect our relationships and the way we express. We must remember that communication is not just verbal and context will influence the way we act, what we wear, how we communicate and what we say. In a social setting our actions, language and dress may be little formal. If we vex colleagues and parents from develop as friends outside of naturalise, then we might perhaps know them with a hug and a wave.Our language might incorporate slang and jokes and conversation might be more generic and slight serious. We might be more casual in our attire and the situation would suggest whether this is acceptable. For example, you would not be expected to attend a party wearing your best suit. The mood in which we communicate socially is also likely to be different from a professional setting. As well as tele send for and face to face conversations we might also engage via text message, netmail and social media sites and we would be unlikely to write a letter to someone we might see daily. communication theory might, for example, utilise text speak and jargon and not necessarily demand an immediate response if any at all. In a professional context you would be expected to act, speak and dress more formally. Your actions language and clothing should match the severity of the issue which you will address and show appropriate respect for the location and people with whom you are meeting. If participating in a parent/ teacher meeting at school for example the same people you greeted with a hugthe night before would be better greeted with perhaps a handshake to highlight the position you hold in this scenario. Our language would be more formal and depending who was present we might try to eliminate jargon to ensure clarity and minimise misunderstandings. too again our clothing would be more formal to identify the position we hold and show respect for those involved in any meeting. When passing people professionally the use of social media sites would not be appropriate to discuss any matters relating to school, pupils or staff.Text messages might be appropriate to inform parents/carers of a school social event for example precisely to arrange a meeting or discuss an important matter it would be more appropriate to speak with a parent/carer or write a letter if the contact charters to be documented. When working with outside agencies email, for ease of use and speed, has become the beat form of communication except again when broaching a sensitive or important issue, a phone call or face to face meeting might be preferred. Emails can easily be misread which can lead to misunderstanding and conflict.When speaking we can use tone of voice to help ensure a point is understood correctly and face to face we can use frame language in the same way. The timeframe in which we contact someone or reply to a communication can also affect relationships. When someone has taken the time to contact you they will expect a response to show that you value their contact and it should be made in the same manner or more personally. Responding to a phone call with an email, for example, could be seen as rude and deter future contact.Similarly, delaying a response could suggest that you do not value the input of the individual or consider them or their issue to be important and bring about the same result. Finally, we need to consider the cultural differences of those with whom we interact. various cultures may also have different standards in terms of behaviour, dress, communication and contact. Actions could be misinterpreted and cause law-breaking leading to the breakd testify of a relationship. If you are meeting with someone from a different culture it may be worth doing some research and asking their preferred form of contact etc.to show that you value their beliefs. However, whilst it may be detrimental not to account for cultural differences you could see the same consequences if you imbibe differences because of background or race when actually there are none. What skills do you need to communicate with children and young people 2. 1 Communication is still a relatively impertinent thing for children and young people and they may not be used to asking questions and holding conversations. One skill required to communicate effectively is giving children and young people opportunities to speak.As adults we are inclined to think that we know what children are thinking and feeling and try to tell them this or fill the gaps in their speech. Whilst we should continue to try and communicate with children as often as possible we should ensure it is a two-way conversation and not a one-way stream of instructions. We should remain patient and allow children time to organise their thoughts and formulate their sentences. When a child is relaxed and at ease they will be more forthcoming. Children may be shy and reluctant to say more than a few words if they feel you are not interested in what they have to say.Using positive body language we can encourage children to speak out. We should come down to the childs level, face them and maintain eye contact. Remaining focussed on the child rather than go along with another task will confirm your interest and appropriate facial expressions will show that you are listening and have understood what they are saying. Active listening is another key skill. Be interested and make appropriate responses whilst the child is speaking to confirm that you are reliablely listening.Add to this by repeating back what the child has said to ensure your understanding is correct and by giving positive comments when they have finished . Asking open questions will extend the conversation giving the child more practice, boost the childs trustingness so they are encouraged to communicate more and model a real conversation for them to learn from. Finally, we must also ensure that communication is appropriate for the child or young person and be able to adapt the style we use. Depending on the age and ability of the child we may be able to simply converse or might need to incorporate visual support or play into the communication.We should not assume children and young people will not understand but instead make our communication clear, use vocabulary which is appropriate to their age and encourage questioning. Give a detailed explanation of how you adapt communication with children and young people for 2. 2 aThe age of the child or young person When communicating with younger children you should try choose a setting which is familiar to the child and where they are more confident their front-runner area of the clas sroom for example.Get down to the level of the child perhaps sitting on the carpet and use body language to make them feel more comfortable ensure you are facing the child, smile, nod, turn toward them, keep your arms open and remove any barriers between you. Younger children will require more reassurance and perhaps more physical contact. They may feel more confident holding your hand or sitting close together. Vocabulary should be kept simple and sentences short, broken down into easy steps. The same point may need to be reiterate several times in different ways and it is helpful to provide examples based around their own experiences.If a child is very reluctant to communicate you may want to use puppets to speak through, take pictures or props to help them engage or perhaps incorporate your communication into a favourite game. The attention span of younger children is very short and you must also account for this. Monitor the length of time you spend together and include att ention repositiones to maintain their interest change your method of communication, switch speakers, move location, ask questions etc. Older children and young people will still need to feel comfortable in your company but are more independent and will require less reassurance and physical contact.They are more familiar with the school environment so will find it easier communicate in different settings but will more comfortable in a setting they have used before. Older children often view themselves as grown up and will appreciate organism treated accordingly. Positive body language will still be beneficial in load-bearing(a) a child to speak but it will no longer be necessary to sit on the floor. Language and vocabulary should be more mature and sentences can be more complex. It may also not be necessary to repeat a point so often unless it is something new and above that persons ability level.Examples can be drawn from a variety of sources as their experiences are wider and add itional materials should be more sophisticated such as written texts or you furnish clips. Older children are more aware of themselves and can be easily embarrassed. They will benefit from confidence boosting reminders of how well they are progressing and positive re-enforcement. They will, however, withdraw and react negatively if patronised, preferring to be treated with respect and mouth to honestly. With age attention span also increases so it is still necessary to include attention switches to maintain focus but not as frequently.bthe context of the communication We will encounter children in a variety of situations at school and it will be necessary to adapt our communication accordingly. Primarily our contact will be made inside school during a learning drill. In this case we need to remain quite formal, be directive and model the behaviour we require through our own actions. make rules should be laid down in clear, concise Instructions and the learning objectives highlig hted to ensure all children full understand what we expect and are trying to achieve from the lesson.There will be other children in the same area working on separate activities so we need to make our lesson interesting to retain the attention of our group but not distract the others. We can do this through tone of voice, pickaxe of vocabulary and supplementary resources but must be wary not to overexcite the group because of the other learners present. If your activity is away from other learners then it may be possible to incorporate physical activity and allow greater expression. Distractions will be plentiful and we will need to encourage and focus our learners through positive re-enforcement and challenges.If appropriate to the task we should encourage discussion through questioning but keep discussion restricted to the subject at hand. In a more social setting, for example the playground, we can be less formal and more relaxed in our approach. This would be reflected in our body language, tone of voice and vocabulary. These times can be used as opportunities to build relationships and get to know the children better. Children can be encouraged to discuss outside interests and we might share our own experiences to help form a bond.Whilst it may be necessary to give little reminders of school rules to avoid bad behaviour it should not be necessary to outline them in full and they can be made in a more playful and conspirative manner a helpful friend rather than a figure of authority. Although conversation might be more light hearted we must still remember to maintain the relationship of teacher and pupil. A school locomote, however, is a more social event, but still a learning activity and the degree of formality should remain on a similar level to the classroom.The formality of the pupil teacher relationship should remain so the children understand that you are in charge. Children will need to be reminded often of their objectives but communication m ight be more light hearted and children allowed to speak more freely, discussing outside interests highlighted by the menses situation. Outside the school environment they will be excited and more forgetful of their code of conduct. It will not always be possible to speak with the whole group when on a trip so we should communicate through our own behaviour, modelling what we expect from the children remaining focussed, respectful, and responsible.

Investment Appraisal Report Example

Investment estimate Report ExampleRe Investment in Kingfisher PlcFollowing our conversation earlier, I seduce on the watch a hatch into Kingfisher Plc to service of process you with your investment decision. I meet split this report into two pricks, to help you analyse the high societys pecuniary trouble practices and also to determine what represents a amusement park mo sackary esteem for the partys partings.As we discussed earlier, when devising any investment it is vital to consider the financial management policies and practices of the company. These include what the company invests in how these investments perform how the company raises funds to invest and how the company treats its profits. As very much(prenominal), the start part of this section go out address these four sections in turn, and how these affect the performance of the company.The second section will address the somewhat encourage of the characters of the company. This is beca mathematical function, whilst the company may perform well, if the dowrys are purchased for much than a fair think of, based on the companys ability to earn, they may non provide a good return to an investor.I hope this report will be of enkindle to you, please permit me k at a time if you ache any questions about any aspects.Part A)Financial ManagementInvestmentsKingfishers special investment all over the past quin stratums has been in tangible assets, much(prenominal) as holding, jell and equipment, which have made up over fifty percent of follow assets over the past five years. The volume of the re master(prenominal)ing assets are composed of goodwill, with sm all(prenominal) inwardnesss devoted to pension plans, financial derivatives and other intangible asset assets. This can be seen in the table belowTable of non current asset judges for Kingfisher meeting Plc (all in one million million millions)Assets200320042005200620072008Property, Plant and Equipment30412781303 2326532113698Goodwill265224552463255925522532Other Assets309146289354380532(Source Kingfisher, 2008)The main tr block up in the assets of Kingfisher has been a steady switch off in the value of property, go down and equipment as well as other assets. The main replace in the other assets is a demonstrate in the level of post employment benefits deferred tax assets and derivative financial instruments, which were non on the balance sheet in 2003 but have a total value of over 200 million in 2008. In addition, the drop in all values from 2003 to 2004 is a result of the disposal of the Chartwell Land property portfolio, which resulted in a reduction in the value of all asset classes receivable to the transfer of goodwill associated with the property sold. From 2004 onwards, the company has engaged in a re foretokenable expansion program based on organic growth and the opening of new stores. This has naturally change magnitude the value of the total property, plant and equipment with a small drop in 2007 where the company disposed of several(prenominal) of its less profitable stores.This balance in assets is tremendously expected because Kingfisher is a retail throng, operating stores much(prenominal) as BQ, Screwfix, Castorama, and Brico Depot. As such, the groups main source of income comes from sales from these stores consequently these stores are the about valuable asset the group owns. In addition, the company maintains a diverse portfolio of commercees across the UK, France and other countries including the republic of Ireland, Poland, Italy, Spain, Turkey and China. In order to operate in these countries, the group needs to own assets such as stores, offices, and distribution developworks. This further make ups the percentage of total assets which will be taken up by property, plant and equipment.With regards to the level of goodwill, this became quite high prior to 2003, but has stayed quite constant over the period of the study. This ind icates that a significant proportion of the business assets have been purchased for more than their book value. This is possibly how the group has managed to obtain such a large portfolio of businesses, and particularly how it has managed to ensure that all of its businesses are in the top trio of the domesticated food trades. However, over the period of the study, the group has non experienced a significant increase or shine in the level of goodwill, which implies that it has not significantly expanded its portfolio through acquisitions, and the majority of the increase in the value of the total assets has come through organic growth or purchases at close to book value. This is passably complicated by the groups goodwill policy, which makes an assessment of the ability of acquired businesses to generate cash from each one year, and amortises the level of goodwill to compensate. As such, it is possible that the group has invested a significant amount in get new businesses, and the value of the goodwill from these businesses has since lessenen. However, the annual reports mention that new stores are being opened, not bought, which implies that the groups expansion policy is to open new stores, rather than acquire existing ones from competitors.Investment ideaInvestment appraisal is generally done on a per project basis, with a company intercommunicate the cashflows, both corroborative and negative, associated with a project and then calculating whether the loot cashflow will be positive or negative, and by how much. This value can be calculated based on either the arrogant value of the cashflows, or on the discounted value of the cashflows which takes into history the incident that cashflows occurring in later years will be less valuable due to inflation and other factors (Knott, 2004). However, when considering an investment in Kingfisher, this methodology is not appropriate, as the company is a continuous ope proportionalityn with no defini te start or end point. Indeed, all the new stores the company opens are intended to remain opeproportionnal for the foreseeable future tense, hence making it very hard-fought to calculate their rates of return and enlighten present values. Whilst the company will undoubtedly have an internal method for doing this, perhaps taking the cashflows for the first five years of ope balancens, this method is not detailed in the annual reports. Nor does Kingfisher reveal details of the exact costs of the investment into stores or their cashflows in the annual reports, and so making it impossible to attempt such an analysis with the available data.As such, it is prerequisite to analyse the performance of Kingfishers overall business, from the point of view of an investor looking to buy conducts. As such, the sign purchase of the shares represents the initial investment, and the return made on these shares can be taken to be the future cashflows for the purposes of the analysis. On this basis, it is necessary to look at the annual returns provided by Kingfisher, as well as the change in the value of the shares (Lumby, 1994).Kingfisher annual share outlay from May 2003 to May 2008DateClosing footing27/05/2003257.2527/05/2004285.527/05/200525926/05/2006235.7525/05/2007252.7527/05/2008138.1(Source Yahoo Finance, 2008)Kingfisher hire per share from 2003 to 2008 stratumEarnings per share200316.4200417.4200520.8200612.2200711.8200811.7(Source Kingfisher, 2008)As can be seen from these graphs above, Kingfishers share bell and earnings per share have both fallen over the period of the study. As such, one share purchased for 257 pence in 2003 would be worth just 138 pence in 2008, and the total dividend earnings per share would be just 90 pence. As such, the total return from an investment of 257 pence would be only 228 pence. This implies that an investment in Kingfisher over the past three years would have performed very poorly, with a return of -12.7% over five year s, even without considering discount factors and net present values. Indeed, given that the positive cashflows have occurred after the negative cashflows, any investment in Kingfisher would have a negative net positive value for any positive discount factor.In addition, the earnings per share have fallen from 2003 to 2008. Within the period of the study, earnings per share rose from 2003 to 2005, before move sharply between 2005 and 2006 and then remaining relatively constant. This fall is specifically mentioned in Kingfishers 2006 annual report as being due to a significant fall in profits from the UK market, which was set by rising energy costs, high taxes and pension contributions and consumer confidence has been affected by a weaker lodgement market (Kingfisher, 2008). This implies that Kingfishers investments in the UK have performed poorly over the past three years, and indeed the 2008 annual report shows that the UK investments have further weakened against the backgroun d of the global credit scranch. Whilst the credit coquette has affected all markets just about the world, Kingfisher specifically points out that the high level of debt in the UK has created even more problems for consumers, who have less money to spend as their debt payments have risen. As such, Kingfishers investments in the UK, which account for around 47% of the groups total revenue, are un in all likelihood to improve their performance in the near future.Sources of fundingKingfisher main sources of fundingAll in millions200320042005200620072008 count long term debt1528744.9828.31255.514321620Total equity446344074387.34320.444214724(Source Kingfisher, 2008)Kingfisher is strongly dependent on equity as a source of funding, with total shareholders equity making up at least three clocks as much of the funding as long term debt. Short term debt has been excluded from these calculations, part because short term debt appears to be used only to settle any cashflow issues, and p artly because prior to the 2006 accounts short term debt was not stated separately from trade payables. As such, it would be impossible to compare short term debt across the unblemished period. It is worth point out that the decrease in debt from 2003 to 2004 is largely due to the sale of the Chartwell Land property portfolio mentioned above. The proceeds of this sale were largely used to reduce the level of long term borrowings, thus resulting in a significant drop between 2003 and 2004.However, following this sale, when the debt to equity ratio fell to just 0.17, the amount of debt has risen steadily, to the point where it reached 0.34 in 2008, the same level as in 2003. This rise has been accompanied by a small rise in the level of shareholder equity, but not to the extent that the total asset value has risen as seen in the investments section above. This implies that the store expansion and refurbishment programs mentioned end-to-end the Kingfisher annual reports during the pe riod of the study have been funded largely by debt. This has caused the companys debt to equity ratio to rise quite significantly over the period of the study, which has more than doubled the debt to equity ratio.This significant increase in the debt to equity ratio could be a cause for concern, as it potentially places a higher debt burden on the company which must be serviced from profits. As such, if the companys fortunes continue to patronize due to the effects of the credit crunch, the company may have difficulty paying its debts and may fall back liquidity problems. However, in the 2008 financial statements the net finance costs on the debt are just 62 million, whilst the operating profit is 453 million. As such, the company can master its interest more than seven times from profits, which means that this rise in the level of debt is not currently a significant concern. Of course, running income tax return to this is the fact that the global credit crunch is expected to in crease the effective rates of borrowing, which could increase the interest payments as well as reducing the long term levels of consumer spending. As such, it is possible that the credit crunch will continue to reduce Kingfishers profits whilst increasing the interest cost, thus potentially creating financial troubles in the next few years. This potential issue is compounded by the fact that the company capitalised 1 million of borrowing costs in 2007, and a further 3 million in 2008, which may indicate issues in paying these loans out of profit.The major sources of debt finance for the business at the current time are medium term notes and other fixed term debt, which make up 1,436 million of the debt. These have been placed on markets in the UK, Eurozone and United States and have raised capital at a net cost of between 4.1% and 6.9%. As such, the company has relied on non redeemable loans raised on public markets. The majority of the remainder is made up of non secured bank loan s. This indicates that, even if the company should encounter financial difficulties, it will not necessarily lose any of its property or have its equity diluted by convertible loans.Treatment of profits and dividend policyYear200320042005200620072008Dividend per share (pence)9.59.6510.6510.6510.657.25Earnings per share (pence)16.417.420.812.211.811.7(Source Kingfisher, 2008)From 2003 to 2005, Kingfishers dividend grew by a reasonable amount, although this was not proportional to the increase in earnings per share over the period. This indicates that Kingfisher was using partly using the increase in earnings to boost the dividend, but mainly using it to build up the volume of reserves, pay back debt, and expand the company. As a result of this, the company allowed its earnings per share to rise by more than the level of the dividend. Following the decline in the UK market from 2005 to 2006, and the subsequent fall in the earnings per share for the company, Kingfisher attempted to mai ntain its dividend at 10.65 pence per share in spite of the fact that this left very little retained earnings. However, in 2008, following a significant fall in the share cost, the dividend yield has also fallen to 7.25 pence in spite of the earnings per share remaining at the same level as in preliminary years. This implies that the company is now encountering difficulties maintaining its dividend yield at this level, and thus is having to drop its dividend in order to accumulate further reserves.Unfortunately, there is no detail in the Kingfisher accounts around exactly why this reserve is being built up. However, it is interesting to note that the reserves have now been built up to the 2.2 billion mark, after being maintained at around the 1.9 billion mark for the period from 2005 to 2007. This may indicate that the company feels that the tough trading conditions will continue for some time, and hence there may be a need to retain more earnings to help cover interest payments i n the future. Another potential explanation is that, as a retail company owning a significant amount of property, plant and equipment Kingfisher has a significant level exposure to the property market in both the UK and France. As such, the company may feel that, with the property markets in the UK and France showing signs of weakness due to the credit crunch, there may soon be a need to revalue the property portfolio in each of these countries. Therefore, the reduced dividend and increase reserve may be an attempt to boost the equity and net asset value of the company in order to protect the value of the company against such a fall.However, the balance sheet tends to reveal a different potential explanation. The rise of 300 million in the value of the reserves of the company has occurred at the same time as a 300 million rise in the value of the inventory held by the company. This could be due to the fact that cost price inflation is significantly boosting the cost of inventory and the price of sales, and hence has increased the value of the inventory held by the company. However, the annual report indicates that cost price inflation for the company was just 4% over the previous year. As such, this cost price inflation is unlikely to have created a 300 million rise in the value of inventory, which is a 20% rise in the total value of inventory. This implies that the rise in the value of the inventory is for another reason, potentially due to a lack of sales or by overbuying of replacement inventory. As such, this does not indicate that the company is making the best use of its profits, nor that it is efficiently engage a goal of maximising value for its shareholders.Part B) Fair ValueWhen attempting to assess whether the current share price of Kingfisher Plc represents a fair value for the company, it is necessary to look both as the share price and the market capitalization which is the total market value of all the shares. This price is determined by the s hares traded on a stock market where brokers buy and remove shares on behalf of their clients. For Kingfisher, the stock market is the London phone line Exchange, and Yahoo Finance (2008) quotes the current share price of the company as 128.2 pence. In addition, the 2008 annual report states there are 2,361 million shares outstanding. This gives the company a total market capitalisation of 3.027 million as of the 18th August.One potential method of calculating the fair value of the company is through the net asset value of the company. This is because, provided the company can look at all its assets and pay off all its liabilities at their book value, it will realise its net asset value in cash. In addition, in surmise the shareholders own a share of the net assets of the company equal to their share of the market capitalisation. Therefore, if the market capitalisation of the company was equal to the net asset value of the company, the share price would be at a fair value. For K ingfisher, the net asset value in the 2008 financial statements is 4,724 million. This implies that a fair value for the market capitalisation would also be 4,724 million, which is around 56% higher than the current value of the shares. This would further evince that a fair share price for the company would be 200 pence. However, this method is somewhat flaw because it assumes that all assets can be sold for fair value and all liabilities can be colonised at fair value. In reality, the only time when all assets and liabilities will be sold is if the business is wound up under bankruptcy or liquidity problems. As such, assets are most likely to be auctioned off by the creditors and shareholders are unlikely to receive a fair value for them. Indeed, assets such as inventory are often sold at less than ten per cent of their market value. As such, this method is likely to be unreliable, particularly for a business with such a large volume of inventory (Lumby, 1994).Another method of calculating the potential fair value of a company is to use the value of net earnings and compare this value to the historical price / earnings ratio to work out what the current fair price should be for the shares. Based on this method, the average price / earnings ratio of Kingfisher has been 16.18 over the past five year period.Year200320042005200620072008AverageEarnings per share (pence)16.417.420.812.211.811.715.05Share price (pence)257.25285.5259235.75252.75138.1238.0583 footing / Earnings Ratio15.6859816.40804612.4519219.3237721.4194911.8034216.1821Applying this to the earnings per share over the past year of 11.7 gives an estimate of the fair value of the share price of 189.33 pence this is 47% higher than the market value of the shares. As such, this also implies that the current market value of the shares is similarly low. However, valuing the company on this basis is also flawed, in that it assumes that the company will maintain its past performance, and that the past pe rformance of the shares has been efficient. Indeed, for Kingfisher this is arguably even less of a relevant method by which to judge the shares, as Kingfisher is currently suffering significant problems in its main UK market. Therefore, attempting to value the company based on its past valuations assumes that the company is still performing as it did in the past, something which is arguably not the case. In addition, with many predicting that the Kingfishers UK market will continue to shrink, it is possible that the companys ability to generate earnings will be further impaired, and its earnings per share ratio will fall below its average (Lumby, 1994).As such, and given that there is significant uncertainty over the future value of Kingfishers assets and liabilities as well as the ability of the company to generate earnings, it is difficult to come up with an analytical method for calculating the fair value of the company. Therefore it is necessary to use the efficient market hypot hesis when attempting to value the company. This hypothesis is based on the view that the market produces the fair value of the shares of the company using all available information. As such, the market should already have priced in the potential for Kingfishers properties to decrease in value and the potential for the company to be unable to make as much money in the future. This is based on the argument that the market as a whole has access to all the information available, and also has experience in reading and judging signals regarding the value of a company. As such, if Kingfisher were currently trading at too high a price, people would sell the shares until the value moved to a fair value. In contrast, were the company currently trading at too cheap a price, participants in the market would buy the shares until the value was driven up to a fair price.As such, the efficient market hypothesis implies that the current fair price for the Kingfisher shares is the price at which the y are currently traded on the open market. Therefore, the fair price of the shares is 128.2 pence. However, the efficient market hypothesis is based on markets only being able to act on available information. As such, it is possible that there is a fundamental problem with Kingfisher which will affect the share price but which is not included in the publicly available information. In addition, the market price for the shares can be driven by factors such as investment banks buying up shares, or takeover rumours. Therefore, in the short term the market value of shares may not reflect their fair value, as the market may not have all the information or may be being driven by other factors. However, in the long term, the professional analysts who are employed by many of the banks and investment funds which buy and sell shares will be best able to value the shares, and hence the best estimate of the fair value of the shares is their current market value 128.2 pence.ReferencesKingfisher ( 2008) Kingfisher Plc. http//www.kingfisher.co.uk/ Accessed 16th August 2008.Knott, G. (2004) Financial Management. Palgrave MacMillan.Lumby, S. (1994) Investment Appraisal and Financing Decisions. Thomson Learning.Turner, G. (2008) The trust Crunch Housing Bubbles, Globalisation and the Worldwide Economic Crisis. Pluto Press.Yahoo Finance (2008) Kingfisher Share Price Chart. http//uk.finance.yahoo.com/q/bc?s=KGF.Lt=5y Accessed 18th August 2008.